DOI 10.51955/2312-1327_2024_4_164

Andrey G. Fomin

Anastasia A. Andreyashina

Abstract. The study of the peculiar features of the substandard vocabulary in the sublanguage of aviation specialists is directly related to the establishment of the status of selected language units, which allowed us to classify them into professionalisms, interprofessionalisms, deprofessionalisms, jargonisms, interargonisms. As a result of the analysis of the formal structure of sub-standard lexical units, single-word and compound sub-standard lexical units were identified. The analysis of the semantic structure shows that the sub-standard vocabulary can be divided into monosemantic and polysemantic names. The predominance of monosemantic substandard lexical units can be explained by the tendency to unambiguity of substandard vocabulary, which is characterized by the accuracy of defining the concepts expressed by it. The classification of substandard vocabulary in the professional communication of aviation specialists by lexico-semantic groups allows us to identify a motivational feature, which is the basis of the name of the item. The predominance of metaphorically motivated words is due to metaphorical transfer, which is based on the similarity of the nominated objects with others having common features and characteristics. The functions of sub-standard vocabulary are nominative, as a basic function found in any sub-standard lexical unit, as well as compressive, emotive and human functions, as secondary functions that make the communication process accessible, close to the genre of professional colloquial speech.

Keywords: substandard vocabulary, professionalisms, interprofessionalisms, deprofessionalisms, jargonisms, interjargonisms, sublanguage, game function, emotion function, nominative function, compressive function.

Download article in PDF 508.9 kB

DOI 10.51955/2312-1327_2024_2_178

Klementina V. Metelkova 

Abstract. The main idea of the article is devoted to the problem of reflecting in language the processes associated with changing human attitudes towards animals in modern society. The focus of the research is on the zoomorphic lexical unit “tierfrei”. The research was based on 130 examples of the use of the “tierfrei” token in the DWDS corpus. On the basis of several discourses, 4 main meanings of the declared lexeme were identified and systematized in terms of its pragmatic function. Based on the linguistic material obtained, the authors can draw the following conclusions that take place in modern German society and influence the formation of the German national picture of the world: 1) the “tierfrei” lexeme is a neologism and has been actively used by native German speakers only since 2007; 2) the “tierfrei” lexeme can have four main meanings: “without the presence of animals”; “without the content of animal products”; “without elements of animal origin”; “without experiments on animals”; 3) the “tierfrei” lexeme can be found in such discourses as culinary, medical, advertising, in each of which it performs its pragmatic function; 4) the appearance and active use of the word “tierfrei” in the texts of the German-speaking space indicates that changes are taking place in modern German-speaking society associated with a rethinking of the role of animals in a person’s life.

Key words: zoomorphic lexical unit, German language picture of the world, corpus, meaning, pragmatic function, culinary discourse, advertising discourse, human attitude to animals.

Download article in PDF 475.5 kB

DOI 10.51955/2312-1327_2023_2_126

Kristina V. Manerova

Abstract. This paper intends to analyze the use of a special type of phraseological unit – collocations formed by the lexeme Sanktion in plural and by a collocator in the modern German. For that purpose, some introductory remarks will first be given regarding the eurysemantic character and the origin of the lexeme Sanktion. Since this is a corpus-based study, details on the compilation of the digitized corpus will be outlined, and it will be shown which collocational potential Sanktion has developed in the German political discource. In the meaning of “veto, restriction” the lexeme acts as a part of collocations. Collocations have an asymmetrical syntactic structure: the basis in collocations is the lexeme Sanktion, the collocators are adjective and genitive attribute, prepositional groups, comparison words etc. The main task of the study is to examine the development of the collocation potential of Sanktion using examples from the modern German DWDS corpus, using the corpus parameter LogDice and the frequency measure. The combinations of frequency measure and LogDice allow to present collocations as formulaic patterns in political language.

Key words: Sanktion, collocations, linguistic secularization, eurysemanticity, corpora studies, formulaic language.

Download article in PDF 346.9 kB

DOI 10.51955/23121327_2022_3_178

Anastasiya V. Kolmogorova

Ekaterina V. Kurilova

Annotation. This article is devoted to the description of speech characteristics of Spanish-speaking commentators’ socionic types. The focus is on the speech reactions of commentators to the news about vaccination against covid-19. The aim of the work is to evaluate the effectiveness of using corpus analysis techniques to identify the formal speech characteristics of socionic types of Internet commentators. The relevance of the research work is due to the fact that the problem of automatic attribution of a text according to the criterion of the psychotype of its author remains relevant today among specialists in the field of mathematical and computational linguistics. The novelty of the work lies in the use of corpus tools and formal metrics for the analysis of Spanish-language comments.

In the course of the work, we used such methods as contextual, stylistic, qualitative, quantitative and corpus analysis (Voyant Tools web application). The analysis made it possible to obtain interpretable data on the differences in the values of three formal parameters – average words per sentence, vocabulary density, readability index – in the comments of the representatives of six socionic types found in the research corpus. In addition, specific lexical units and grammatical constructions are defined for each type.

The main research perspective is the development of an automatic tool for detecting socionic personality types in social networks, which will be of practical importance for marketers and sociologists.

Keywords: socionics, linguistic personality, personatext, linguistic network personality, Internet commentator, psychotype, socionic type, corpus analysis, linguo-socionic modeling, covid-19 vaccination

Download article in PDF 443.4 kB

DOI 10.51955/2312-1327_2022_3_167

Svetlana Yu. Bogdanova

Ayana B. Chimitova

Abstract. The article deals with the types of opposition relations which exist in the system of English phrasal verbs, and the characteristic features of the oppositions of deadjectival phrasal verbs, such as black out, are analyzed in detail. The difficulties of the description of such opposition relations are caused by the complicated semantic structure of phrasal verbs, consisting of two elements, where each of the elements is a word. Phrasal verbs can have direct, rethought and idiomatic meanings. The joint rethought meaning of the analytical linguistic unit can be formed with the help of a verbal component, a particle, or the whole phrasal verb can be rethought. In the antonymic pairs of the phrasal verbs with the direct or rethought meanings either verbs or spatial particles can make oppositions. The antonymic relations of phrasal verbs with idiomatic meanings do not follow any rules. The example of deadjectival phrasal verbs with the verbal components black, white, light demonstrates the development of meanings of phrasal verbs and the way in which they form antonymic pairs. It is shown that phrasal verbs, formed from the adjectives denoting color, in certain meanings can be treated as antonyms due to their verbal components, while their particles do not usually form oppositions.

Keywords: Phrasal verb, particle, spatial relations, deadjectival verb, opposition relations.

Download article in PDF 291.7 kB

DOI 10.51955/23121327_2022_3_154

Valeriya A. Rayskina

Abstract. This article offers a complex description of various research and analysis possibilities of project MONLOE – innovative digitalized multifunctional  platform composed of texts, documents, and other types of information, devoted to a historical person Michel Montaigne. The research is conducted in the field of corpus and diachronic linguistics, that satisfy modern challenges of the humanities, and that deals with growing trends of digitalization (numérisation), development of search tools and automatic analysis engines. Our particular interest to the project MONLOE is explained by its goals (to systematize and to digitalize a big data of texts) and also by its perspectives (to preserve and de reconstruct the XVIth century documents, archives, manuscripts, to upgrade search and auto-analysis tools). In detail we`ve presented search requests and formulas, various demonstration modes, and analytic possibilities in the six corpora – components of MONLOE: literary texts corpora, fac-similés corpora, Bordeaux edition, documents corpora, multimedia platform, and interactive library model.

Keywords: corpus linguistics, corpus-based analyses, corpora, automatic search, manuscript, TXM, MonLOE, Michel Montaigne.

Download article in PDF 417.0 kB