Категория: 2.9. Transport systems

Concerning the geometric visualization of particle motion in space and time on the example of air traffic

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DOI 10.51955/2312-1327_2021_1_6

Aleksandr P. Plyasovskikh

Abstract. The article presents a new original method of geometric visualization of particle (or aircraft) motion in space and time. The urgency of the proposed method stems from disadvantages of the traditional method of presenting the motion in space-time having as one of its coordinates the   time which is independent on spatial coordinates. In this space-time, the concept of distance between two points is not defined, the concepts of angle, triangle, geometric figures are not defined as well, it does not allow Euclidian geometry to be used. The author proposes the use of four-dimensional Euclidian space with the fourth axis z = bt where b is a speed constant, t is time, for presenting the motion of a particle (aircraft) in space and time. The particle (aircraft) motion presented with the use of the space proposed by the author is a visualized one, the track makes geometric sense of a Euclidian geometry line. The examples of presenting the four-dimensional motion of an aircraft along its route are given, the concept of four-dimensional corridor of aircraft motion is defined. It is shown that the proposed method could be used for description and research of particle (aircraft) motion in space and time. The method opens up a new direction of research of particles and other material objects moving in space and time with the use of multi-dimensional, in particular, four-dimensional geometry. The importance of the approach proposed in the article is that it opens new directions of scientific research in such sciences as physics (not relativistic mechanics), navigation and air traffic control, space mechanics and many other sciences in which processes of motion of different objects in space and time are researched. The author is going to continue publishing the results obtained due to the proposed method which are not included in the present paper because of space limitations.

Key words: air traffic control, 4D trajectory, 4D space, material particle, multidimensional geometry, space-time.

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Development of methodology for managing the information field inside the cockpit onboard a civil airplane

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Ivanov A. S.

Neretin E. S.

The authors proposed a methodology for managing the information field inside the cockpit onboard a civil airplane which allows the crew’s workload to be reduced due to applying a unified approach to controlling all indication elements. 

Key words: civil airplane, cockpit, ergonomics, onboard equipment.

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Methods of calculation of weight coefficients at implementation of level estimation algorithms of flight school cadets training

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Nazarov P. S.

Ustinov V. V.

The methods and algorithms of calculation of weight coefficients used for estimation of training level of flight school cadets with account of the number of exercises and quality of their performance are offered. Weight coefficients of significance of flight parameters included in the algorithm of estimation of piloting technique and significance of flight elements included in the given exercise are considered.

Keywords: flight safety, flight crew training, weight coefficients of alternative significance.

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The Earth’s vortex field and its application areas

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Danilenko N. V.

The article deals with the issues of circulation of the Earth’s environments in the area of its rotation relative to pole axis NS. The research of circulation of the Earth’s environments is based on the Biot-Savart law in its simplest form on the basis of an infinitely long vortex which has found wide application in airfoil aerodynamics, gas dynamics and in hydrodynamics. When applying the Biot-Savart law to the Earth’s material environments in its daily rotation we found a dependence of circulation of speed Г of the elementary particle under study with its relative height (depth) ±Н relative to the Earth’s averaged surface and geographical latitude.  The essence of this dependence is presented in a mathematical expression of physical parameters of our planet. The obtained intensity of circulation of speed Г of the Earth’s environments is converted in non-dimensional criterial parameters.  On their basis the vortex characteristics for the Earth’s environments are proposed. Their classification is given.  The authors developed a package of consequences of the vortex characteristics and proposed a working process of little known vortex phenomena of geophysics in terms of vortex dynamics of freely balanced environments of a planet of “Earth” type. The consequences of the vortex characteristics of the Earth’s environments and peculiarities of the working process of geophysical phenomena on the Sun are proposed.

Keywords: daily rotation, circulation of the Earth’s environments, vortex characteristics, consequences of the vortex characteristics of the Earth’s environments.

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Development of an algorithm for constructing the process of training of inspectors on surveillance of safety of air transport by means of simulation of specific tasks and practical tasks

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Bolshedvorskaya L.G.

The aim of the work is to develop an algorithm for the training process for safety oversight  inspectors through modeling specific tasks and practical tasks. The complexity of solving the problem aimed at achieving this goal is that in the course of developing a learning algorithm, information, in terms of goals, areas and criteria for assessing competencies and information reflecting the types of operational activities, should be described using appropriate mathematical models with a high degree of reliability. The general approach to the development of an algorithm is the presence of the following procedures:

  • setting training standards, including the frequency for each type of training;
  • conducting initial theoretical training for specific tasks;
  • consolidation of theoretical knowledge by performing practical tasks;
  • assessing the effectiveness of the training system.

Key word: expert systems, safety inspectors, task modeling.

*Publication was prepared within the framework of project No. 19-08-00028, supported by a grant from the Russian Foundation for Fundamental Research (RFFI).

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Use of microcontrollers for modernization of analog units of aviation equipment systems

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Mishin S. V.

The article presents the materials confirming the possibility and explaining the algorithm of partial modernization of on-board equipment analog units on the example of Mi-8 helicopter de-icing system. The proposed solution makes it possible to reduce weight and cost, increase reliability of complex technical systems operation.

Key words: modernization, aviation equipment, digital control unit, microcontroller.

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Ranging analysis of analitical and probabilistic methods of complex system state prediction

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Brusnikin P. M.

Dudkin S. O.

Neretin E. S.

The paper deals with analytical prediction methods, probabilistic methods and artificial neural network methods used for solving the problem of predicting the state of onboard complex systems, in particular mathematical modelling, operator method, method of predicting an univariate time series, method of potential functions,  zone method and integrated-point method.

Key words: civil aircraft, integrated module avionics, onboard maintenance system, distributed architecture, onboard radio equipment, predictive models.

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Method for determining the fail-safe performance of critical equipment at the stage of system engineering

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Savel’ev A. S.

Neretin E. S.

Djachenko S. A.

Bersutskaya O. D.

Ivanov A. S.

To ensure the safety of flight operations is a priority for civil aircraft designers. In this connection, in parallel with the development, the assessment of safety takes place, both at the level of an aircraft and at the level of its separate system.  The present paper is devoted to the analysis of potential problems which can arise during procedures of assessing the system safety on the example of onboard equipment and ways of their elimination. The paper is the first in a circle of articles devoted to developing a strategy of the model-based approach to safety assessment.

Key words: engineering, civil aviation, onboard equipment, safety assessment, reliability, model-based approach.

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Development of decision support system architecture for solving a 4-D navigation problem

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Budkov A. S.

Neretin E. S.

The work is devoted to the analysis of problems in performing the four-dimensional routes, as well as the development of the architecture of a decision support system for simplified procedures of flying in emergency situations during the flight. The developed architecture allows the crew to be provided with the necessary information for decision making in instrument meteorological conditions as well as in conflict situations with other air traffic participants.

Key words: Civil aircraft, integrated modular avionics, flight management system, 4-D navigation, decision support system.

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Justification for requirements for new trapped vortex combustors of aircraft engines

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Skorobogatov S. V.

Design and production of aircraft gas-turbine engines and their components is a high-scale and complex process. As separate branches of science develop, technological innovations are implemented and feed-back of their use is received, the design-and-production chain gets more complicated as well. On the one hand, this gives an opportunity to improve the product due to implementation of new ideas and approaches in its design, on the other hand, this brings about growth in the knowledge-intensity and increases the cost of the final product. In its turn, need for improvement of the product is required by the system of continued airworthiness with its standards improving over time as well.

Key words: combustor, aircraft gas-turbine engine, operational requirements, method of justification for requirements, airworthiness.

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