ΠšΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Π³ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ: 2.9. Transport systems

The way to improve eco-friendliness of the aviation turboshaft engine

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DOI 10.51955/2312-1327_2022_1_73

Sergey V. Skorobogatov

Dmitry V. Vostretsov

Abstract. Aircraft flight is the main operation of any airline. To ensure competitiveness and good economical indices the flight time should be considerably longer than the total time an airplane spends on the ground. Aircraft flight is provided by a power plant, which is based on heat engines – heat machines that convert heat energy into effective mechanical work. The heat additive to the operating fluid in such engines nearly always occurs by means of hydrocarbon fuel (kerosene or aviation gasoline) combustion. While burning, the combustion products are released, some of which cause significant harm to the environment. Increasing environmental friendliness is an actual task today, and non-compliance of engines with ICAO standards on hazardous emissions limits the domestic aircraft sales and exploitation abroad. In this regard, the search for ways to improve the environmental performance of aircraft engines is a priority for the aviation industry.

Key words: combustion chamber, aviation gas-turbine engine, emissions of harmful substances, environmental friendliness.

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The experience of using GNSS software-defined recievers

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DOI 10.51955/23121327_2022_1_88

Roman O. Arefyev

Oleg N. Skrypnik

Natalya G. Arefyeva (Astrakhanceva)

Abstract. The paper describes the experience of using software-defined receivers for receiving signals from GPS and Beidou navigation satellites. The peculiarities of the GNSS SDR platform and implementation of the satellite navigation system receivers on its basis were considered. The structure of the GNSS SDR flow graph with description of the functional capacity of each block was shown. As an RF part of the receiver, a HackRF platform with an active antenna and Temperature Controlled Crystal Oscillator was used. The receiver was tested with help of the SN-3803M simulator radiating GPS signals. The dependences of the time required for position-fixing and the number of the navigational satellites which provide tracking on the given false alarm probability were obtained experimentally.

Through natural experiments the authors compared the performance (number of tracking satellites, positioning accuracy, dilution of precision) of the SDR-receiver and ATGM336H portable receiver applied to the GPS and Beidou systems. The main features of the receivers operation were identified and analyzed.

Keywords: GPS, SDR, Beidou, software-defined receiver, dilution of precision, positioning accuracy.

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Peculiarities of using a mobile pseudolite for increase of positioning accuracy on aircraft landing *

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DOI 10.51955/2312-1327_2021_3_14

Oleg Nikolaevich Skrypnik

Roman Olegovich Arefyev

Natalya Gennadyvna Arefyeva (Astrakhanceva)

Tatyana Yuryevna Portnova

Abstract. The authors study accuracy characteristics (dilution of preсision) of an integrated navigation-and-time field in the terminal area created by GLONASS with its mobile pseudolite augmentation. A mobile pseudolite is placed onboard an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). The purpose of the article is optimization of UAV flight path which will provide the best aircraft positioning accuracy. The problem of finding an optimal track for the UAV was solved using Hooke-Jeeves method for an aircraft approaching along a flexible track. The article presents the results of the conducted experiments as the UAV optimal flight paths and their charts built according to DOP values for cases of using stationary and mobile pseudolites. Practical recommendations on the choice of optimization criteria are given, and the conditions for using a mobile pseudolite placed on board an unmanned aerial vehicle are determined.

Keywords: pseudolite, mobile pseudolite, unmanned aerial vehicle, Position Dilution of Precision, GLONASS, optimization of flight trajectory, integrated navigation and time field.

* This work was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (Grant No.Β 19-08- 00010 A).

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On the issue of automated dispatching control of passenger road transport

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DOI 10.51955/2312-1327_2021_3_27

Nikolai A. Ponomarev

Abstract. The article deals with some theoretical foundations, regulatory legal acts concerning aspects of functioning of an automated control system. The article describes some aspects of operation of the current automated dispatch control system in the city of Omsk and the Omsk region. The characteristics of the served route network in municipal and inter-municipal communication are given. The main parties and their relationships involved in the operation of the automated dispatching control system are described. The article presents some aspects that arise in the context of implementation of state and municipal contracts for regular passenger and baggage transportation on regular transportation routes in the city of Omsk and the Omsk region in accordance with Federal Law No. 44-FZ. The aspects reflecting the practical experience of operation in accordance with the composition of the automated dispatching control system are presented. The article also describes some aspects that arise during the operation of on-board navigation and communication terminals, software, dispatching support for regular traffic, the functioning of communications and information transmission systems, informing passengers about the process of regular traffic. Aspects of functioning of the automated fare payment system, regulatory legal acts regulating the issues of fare payment on the territory of the city of Omsk are considered. The equipment that ensures functioning of these systems is considered.

Keywords: automated, dispatching, management, passenger, automobile, transportation.

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Development of a mechanism for assessing the performance and efficiency of application of expert systems*

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DOI 10.51955/2312-1327_2021_3_6

Ljudmila G. Bolshedvorskaya

Nikolaj Dmitrievich Koryagin

Abstract. The availability of IT educational resources for obtaining new and additional professional knowledge has become increasingly relevant in recent years. This is due to the fact that the use of expert systems opens up a series of advantages: expansion of geographical and temporal possibilities; unlimited availability; increasing the intensity of training; optimization of the acquisition and transfer of knowledge. At the same time, there is an urgent need to assess the effectiveness and efficiency of expert systems when assessing the level of qualifications of specialists who ensure flight safety (FS) in civil aviation. Currently, depending on the field of activity, the concepts of efficiency and effectiveness are interpreted in different ways. More often than not, performance reflects the degree to which a planned result has been achieved. Efficiency is the comparison of the result with the cost of achieving it. The practice of using points and ratings to assess the training of safety oversight inspectors in the format of using expert systems, as shown by the results of a previous study, reflects only the effectiveness and does not provide an opportunity to compare the learning processes from the standpoint of the effectiveness of their implementation. In this regard, the purpose of this work is to develop a new evaluation mechanism that combines the effectiveness and efficiency of the use of expert systems. This explains the relevance of the presented work.

Key words: competence, civil aviation, expert systems.

*Publication was prepared within the framework of project No. 19-08-00028, supported by a grant from the Russian Foundation for Fundamental Research (RFFI).

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Suggestions for organizing the transportation of leaftea from India to St. Petersburg

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DOI 10.51955/2312-1327_2021_2_24

Sergei V. Ugolkov

Nikolai N. Maiorov

Abstract. The article provides general information about tea products, their nutritional properties, requirements for their transportation, types of packaging and labeling. The characteristics of the rolling stock used in the transportation of tea products by road, sea and rail modes of transport are given. Routes for transportation have been developed, tariff payments for transportation by means of transport have been calculated, and the time of cargo delivery has been calculated. Based on the data obtained, the most rational transportation option was selected.

Key words: tea products, plantations, routes, transportation organization, loading technology, tariff payments, vehicle.

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Comparison of the results of application of methods for solving the transportation problem of linear programming

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DOI 10.51955/2312-1327_2021_2_6

Roxana E. Shipitsyna

Evgeny E. Vitvitsky

Abstract. The article discusses one of the methods of optimizing the transportation planning – a transport linear programming problem. The main methods for finding the reference plan for loaded riders and the optimal plan for solving it are listed. A formal mathematical model and a system of transport problem constraints are presented. A conceptual mathematical model is built on the basis of a formal mathematical model. An example of solving this problem is given: the reference plan of loaded riders was created with the use of the “north-west corner” method, the optimal plan for the return of empty vehicles with the use of the distribution method. Comparison of the results of application of methods for solving the transport problem of linear programming was carried out: comparison of the reference plans obtained with the use of the least-cost and north-west corner methods, comparison of the optimal plans for the return of empty cars obtained with the use of potential and distribution methods. Comparison criteria selected were the number of iterations, labor intensity, the result. Based on this, it was established that the obtained optimal plan for the return of empty cars is the same; according to other comparison criteria, there are a number of differences.

Keywords: linear programming transport problem, mathematical model, baseline plan, optimal plan, solution methods, north-west corner method, minimum-element (least-cost) method, distribution method, potential method.

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Methodology and algorithm of identifying aerobatic maneuvres in software implementation of assessment of piloting technique quality

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DOI 10.51955/2312-1327_2021_1_44

Pavel S. Nazarov

Sergey A. Kudriakov

Vladimir V. Ustinov

Abstract. The authors propose an algorithm of identifying maneuvers and characteristic points on their flightpaths for software implementation of algorithms for assessing the flight crew’s proficiency level according to information of flight data recorders and processing of the recorded information of flight parameters by ground-based devices for processing flight information such as Topaz-M.Β Β 

Key words: programs of flight training, image recognition, software implementations of algorithms for assessing piloting technique.

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Analysis of problems arising during the flight on four-dimensional navigation routes in civil aviation and determining the basic ways of their solution

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DOI 10.51955/2312-1327_2021_1_37

Alexander Sergeevich Budkov

Abstract. The work is devoted to the analysis of problems during the flight on four-dimensional navigation routes in civil aviation, determining the minimum necessary requirements for a decision support system that would provide a solution to these problems, as well as developing a methodology for searching an optimal four-dimensional route.

Key words: civil aircraft, four-dimensional navigation, flight management system, decision support system.

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Analysis of avionics automation verification means used in the modern civil aircraft development

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DOI 10.51955/2312-1327_2021_1_30

Sergei Alexandrovich Diachenko

Artem Sergeevich Savelev

Abstract. The paper describes the analysis results of the existing automated means used in civil aircraft avionics verification. The main solutions on the market and their advantages, disadvantages are considered. Based on the analysis results, it is found that a promising direction in this type of means development is to provide testing automation of graphic and aural information within the hardware-in-loop verification (including bench tests). The task is relevant not only for the aviation industry, but also for any technical objects using a human-machine interface (space industry, automotive, shipbuilding, etc.).

Key words: analysis, automation, verification, software, civil aircraft, avionics, computer-aided design system, flight safety.

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