Категория: Linguoculturology

Semantic and stylistic features of eonyms-epithets in the german language

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DOI 10.51955/2312-1327_2024_3_ 

Ekaterina O. Tumanova

Abstract. Historical, cultural, political, economic and sporting events that are significant for a particular linguistic-cultural community are fixed in the linguistic consciousness of native speakers and are reflected in their lexical composition. The article is devoted to the description of semantic and stylistic peculiarities of German eonyms, i.e. lexical units whose semantics include allusions to the events in various spheres of life that gave rise to them. The research material is represented by “epithets of the year”, i.e. adjective names from the rating lists of the annual linguistic campaign of the German Language Society in Germany “Word of the Year” for the period from 1971 to 2023. The author has devoted his study to the description of the main characteristics of the selected units. The special stylistic features of eonyms-adjectives testify to their metaphorical character and the possibility of fulfilling the stylistic function of epithets. The article gives a general characterisation of eonyms-epithets in their diachronic aspect. The approach proposed by the author to the study of the linguistic reflection of historical events in German-language discourse is of interest to specialists in the field of linguistic-cultural studies.

Keywords: eonym, adjective, epithet, linguistic reflection, word of the year, the German language, key words of the current moment, linguistic-cultural studies.

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Linguistic portraiture and the archaeology of knowledge: viennese originals in the intellectual discourse of the occupied Austria

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DOI 10.51955/2312-1327_2024_3_

Sofiyat A. Atmurzayeva

Abstract. The proposed article addresses the phenomenon of the Viennese urban originals on the example of three personalities with official original status, special entourage, idiolect, idiokinesics and perlocutive impact on the Viennese and generally Austrian public. The aim of the paper is to investigate the Viennese originals’ fate during the National Socialist dictatorship after the “Anschluss” of Austria. The relevance of the article is connected to the development of the methodology of a new direction in Language and Culture Studies – Linguistic Portraiture that is regarded as a kind of archaeology of knowledge about real culturally significant personalities of specific countries. This direction differs from Linguistic Personology in its orientation: it is not aimed at generalizing cultural types reflected, first of all, in the phraseological fund of languages and their literary tradition, but at the study of dissipative groups encompassing personalities that can be regarded as living cultural phenomena, to which urban originals doubtlessly belong. The methods used in the article include systematization, classification, interpretative and contextual analysis, and metacritical analysis of biographical and scientific literature. The article speculates on the specificity of the discourses that took shape around Helmut Qualtinger, Beatrice Triangi and Karl Sesta, drawing on biographical materials, investigative journalism, works on linguocultural studies and texts produced by Viennese originals. The study is an attempt to reconstruct the intellectual discourse of the Austrian capital in the first half of the twentieth century.

Keywords: language and culture studies, urban originals, intellectual discourse of Vienna, Helmut Qualtinger, Beatrice Triangi, Karl Sesta.

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Axiological potential of english gastronym neologisms

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DOI 10.51955/2312-1327_2022_2_123

Veronika V. Katermina

Natalia S. Solovyeva

Abstract. The article is devoted to the problem of studying axiological aspects of gastronomic discourse based on the analysis of English neologisms-gastronyms. Gastronomic discourse is one of the forms of communication representing a system of dominants. The material for the study was English neological gastronymic units taken from the electronic dictionaries Wordspy, Macmillan Dictionary, Urban Dictionary, Cambridge Dictionaries Online Blog and analyzed as indicators of changes taking place in society. The article also notes that the evaluative possibilities of neologisms-gastronyms, their axiological resources are revealed in a certain discursive environment as well as the emergence and consolidation in use of the new lexical units themselves. Evaluation in gastronomic discourse is given on a variety of grounds depending on axiological orientations of the speakers, but, as a rule, it is located on the “good / bad” scale which has a pronounced subjective character and is determined by axiological orientations of native speakers. When analyzing the evaluative component of gastronome neologisms, new approaches to food products are found that were not previously characteristic of the English-speaking society. It is noted that food is no longer considered solely as a source of nutrition.

Key words: axiology, value, gastronomic discourse, gastronom, culture, food culture, neologism, evaluation, language, discursive practices.

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On phraseological representation of the concept ukhel ‘death’ in the buryat language

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DOI 10.51955/2312-1327_2021_1_132

Tatiana B. Tagarova

Abstract. The paper considers the concept ukhel ‘death’ verbalized by phraseological units of the Buryat language in the linguoculturological aspect. Differences in understanding of the concept ukhel ‘death’ in the Buryat naive view of the world and the scientific type of consciousness, namely, the belief in the existence of the soul after death in the linguistic view of the world and its denial in the scientific world-image are revealed. The existence of phraseological units with the meaning of death demonstrates the connection with the ancient ritual actions for the burial of the deceased, which is confirmed in the Mongolian literary work “The Secret History of the Mongols” in 1240. The naive view of the world of Buryat speakers-Buddhists through phraseological units reflects the understanding of death as a transition to another level of life, in a new physical body, but the subsequent life depends on the previous way of life. The worldview of shamanists is also reduced to the belief in an afterlife, but in the existence of a disembodied spirit. Phraseological meaning is developed by metonymization and metaphorization from the original free phrase. At the same time, a more significant role of the denotation is noted. A bright functional and stylistic differentiation of the phraseological unit about death is revealed. The semantic field ukhel ‘death’ demonstrates the breadth of the functions of this lexeme.

Keywords: Buryat language, the concept ‘death’, linguoculturology, phraseological unit, linguistic view of the world, scientific world-image, shamanistic, Buddhism.

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Genesis of the language of medicine

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UDC 61:93+001.4

Musokhranova M. B.

В работе делается акцент на архаический период становления медицины, в котором шло формирование её языка, репрезентирующего человека в отношениях с окружающим миром посредством терминов.

Ключевые слова: истоки медицины, язык медицины, термин.

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Conflicts in the gift presentation in the Chinese linguoculture

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UDC 395.83 BBK 26.890

Chibisova O. V., Vasilyeva A. A.

The ability to avoid or solve a conflict is highly essential in modern society. In a social way, a conflict is a type of a disharmonious communication which does not exist out of the communicative situation. A conflicting communicative situation can be classified according to its direction, intention, and result. A speech conflict has a highly complicated structure: ripening, maturing, peak, decline and resolution. The last phase can result into a solved conflict and unsolved one. The analysis of three conflicting situations in the Chinese linguoculture indicted the reasons of conflicts. Knowing these reasons may be useful in cross-cultural communication of representatives of other linguocultures with the Chinese.

Key words: aggressive speech, unsolved conflict, solved conflict, cooperation strategy, confrontation strategy.

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Cultural linguistics in the domain of plant names

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UDC 81-114.2 BBK 81.2-2

Alica Hurtová

Banská Bystrica, Slowakei

The submitted paper highlights the link between language and culture and the role of cultural knowledge in the lexicon. It deals with plant names regarding their motivation, which is frequently connected with cultural traditions and the use of plants, and introduces the classification of culturally conditioned plant names as well as illustrative examples in Germanic, Slavic and other languages.

Key words: plant names, motivation, usage, cultural tradition, cultural linguistics

CULTURAL LINGUISTICS AM BEISPIEL DER PFLANZENLEXIK

Der Beitrag betont die Verbindung zwischen Sprache und Kultur und die Rolle des kulturellen Wissens im Lexikon. Er beschäftigt sich mit Pflanzennamen in Bezug auf ihre Motivation, die vielfach mit kulturellen Traditionen und der konkreten Verwendung von Pflanzen zusammenhängt, und stellt die Klassifikation von kulturell bedingten Pflanzennamen sowie illustrative Beispiele in germanischen, slawischen und anderen Sprachen vor.

Schluesselwörter: Pflanzennamen, Motivation, Verwendung, kulturelle Tradition, Cultural Linguistics

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