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Simulation of ADS-B data confirmation with temperature correction when estimating flight altitude on local air lines (part 2)

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DOI 10.51955/2312-1327_2024_1_90

Andrey S. Kalintsev

Abstract. In the first part of the article, the author proposed a modified method for confirming the ADS-B data, which estimates and compares the aircraft flight altitude: barometric altitude (received from a barometric pressure altimeter) and geometric altitude (received from a GNSS receiver). In the presented work, application of the modified technique for confirming the ADS-B geometric altitude data is simulated. When simulating, real data were used which were received from the ADS-B ground station located at the Mezen aerodrome. Real values of pressure and temperature were used. The methodology takes into account the values of quality indicators of ADS-B data. For one flight on local airlines, an excess of the permissible interval was shown (GNSS data, according to the methodology, are not confirmed). The result obtained is consistent with the geometric vertical accuracy parameter GVA. To verify the modified method of the temperature determination according to geometric and barometric altitude, the obtained temperature data are compared with the values of the ECMWF forecasting model. The average RMSE value for 11 flights was 1.58ºС. For climbing aircraft the maximum RMSE value was 1.93ºС, for landing aircraft, maximum RMSE = 2.7°C.

Key words: flight safety, ADS-B, model, local airlines, barometric altitude, geometric altitude, TAS, IAS.

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Sensory and intersensory model of the pilot – aircraft system

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DOI 10.51955/2312-1327_2024_1_67

Gennady V. Kovalenko

Artem A. Fedorov

Andrey V. Fedorov

Abstract. The paper provides an overview of the components of the pilot model used to design the flight control system which focuses on the physiological aspects and aspects of manual control. The structure of a multi-element system is used which allows the authors to reveal the totality of interaction between the pilot and the aircraft during the implementation of manual control. Manual control is the most difficult process when performing an aircraft flight and requires a lot of experience and high pilot skills. The sensory and intersensory models of the pilot–aircraft system are considered. The application of these models requires knowledge of the mechanisms and processes that are directly involved in the development of the pilot’s spatial orientation when controlling the aircraft manually. The development of a method and a mathematical model for the formation of spatial orientation skills is an urgent task of scientific research.

Keywords: pilot, model, spatial disorientation, aircraft, sensory organs, human factor.

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Fedorov Artem Anreevich

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E–mail: melom111@yandex.ru

Place of study: Saint Petersburg State University of Civil Aviation named after Air Chief Marshal A.A. Novikov, Saint Petersburg, Russia

Academic status: Postgraduate student of the Department of Flight Operation and Safety of Civil Aviation.

Specialty from nomenclature of scientific specialties (Code of Higher Attestation Commission):  05.22.14 – operation of air transport

Scientific major: flight operation, flight safety, professional training of flight personnel

Important publications:

  1. Verstiuk A., Kovalenko G., Fedorov A., Patrikeev O. Methods for Assessing the Influence of External Factors on Airplane Flight // In: Gorbachev O. A., Gao X., Li B. (eds) Proceedings of 10th International Conference on Recent Advances in Civil Aviation. Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Singapore: Springer, 2023. P. 297-306. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-3788-0_26.
  2. Kochkarev G. K. Some reasons for aircraft getting into a difficult spatial position / G. K. Kochkarev, E. A. Senozhatsky, A. A. Fedorov // Problems of flight operation and flight safety. – 2019. – № 13. – P. 58-66.
  3. Fedorov A. V. Analysis of the functional states of the pilot affecting flight safety / A. V. Fedorov, O. A. Pimashin, A. A. Fedorov // Problems of flight operation and flight safety. – 2020. – № 14. – P. 160-174.
  4. Fedorov A. A. Prerequisites for the integration of the quality management system into the flight safety management system / A. A. Fedorov, A. V. Fedorov // Problems of flight operation and flight safety. – 2018. – № 12. – P. 189-193.

Fedorov Andrey Valerievich

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E–mail: fav1309@yandex.ru

Place of work: Saint Petersburg State University of Civil Aviation named after Air Chief Marshal A.A. Novikov, Saint Petersburg, Russia

Academic degree: Candidate of pedagogical sciences.

Academic status: Associate professor.

Post: Dean of the Faculty of Airports and Flight Engineering

Specialty from nomenclature of scientific specialties (Code of Higher Attestation Commission): 13.00.08 – Theory and methodology of vocational education

Scientific major: flight operation, flight safety, professional training of flight personnel, human factor

Important publications:

  1. Osipov L. V. Problems associated with the process of making aviation decisions, and ways to solve them / L. V. Osipov, A. V. Fedorov // Problems of flight operation and flight safety. – 2018. – № 12. – P. 70-77.
  2. Fedorov A. A. Prerequisites for the integration of the quality management system into the flight safety management system / A. A. Fedorov, A. V. Fedorov // Problems of flight operation and flight safety. – 2018. – № 12. – P. 189-193.
  3. Fedorov A. V. Analysis of the functional states of the pilot affecting flight safety / A. V. Fedorov, O. A. Pimashin, A. A. Fedorov // Problems of flight operation and flight safety. – 2020. – № 14. – P. 160-174.
  4. Rubtsov E. A. Features of detection of unmanned aircraft using a landing radar / E. A. Rubtsov, A. V. Fedorov, N. V. Povarenkin, M. Al-Ruboy // News of higher educational institutions of Russia. Radioelectronics. – 2022. – № 25(3). – P. 51-61. https://doi.org/10.32603/1993-8985-2022-25-3-51-61.
  5. Mezhetov M., Tikhova A., Vakhrusheva U., Fedorov A. Applying LoRa Technology in Unmanned Aircraft Systems // In: Gorbachev O. A., Gao X., Li B. (eds) Proceedings of 10th International Conference on Recent Advances in Civil Aviation. Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Singapore: Springer, 2023. – pp. 189-197. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-3788-0_17.

Pilot age and injuries in aviation

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DOI 10.51955/2312-1327_2024_1_24

Nikolay I. Nikolaykin

Elena Ed. Sigaleva

Alexandra L. Rybalkina

Olga B. Pasekova

Abstract. The results of an analysis of the influence of pilot age on injury statistics in civil aviation are described. The proportion of aviation accidents caused by human actions remains the same and even tends to increase. Workers continue to get injured during ground handling operations for aircraft. The authors’ assessment of the various risk factors contribution to ongoing negative events confirms the human factor prevalence. Statistics on the activities of civil aviation was analyzed. Examples of aviation accidents involving general aviation aircraft and medical aircraft transporting patients who required emergency medical care were considered.

It has been shown that there is a peak in the aviation accidents for pilots aged 50-59 years, and this peak is observed among experienced pilots with more than 5,000 hours of flight time. For pilots aged 40-49 years, half of the accidents occurred among aircraft commanders with 1,000 … 5,000 hours of flight time, and about one third among pilots with less than 500 hours of flight time.

It was revealed that for domestic general aviation in 2020, the main causes of aviation accidents were such elements of human factor as piloting errors associated with deficiencies in training and little flight experience; loss of spatial orientation in weather conditions that do not comply with visual flight rules, when the underlying surface is white, when caught in a snow whirlwind, as well as a collision with power line wires.

Keywords: aviation, flight safety, industrial safety, human factor, pilot age.

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Sigaleva Elena Eduardovna

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E–mail: sigaleva@mail.ru

Place of work: Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

Post: Leading Researcher; Head of the Clinical and Physiological Research and Expertise Department

Academic degree: Doctor of Sciences in Medicine

Academic status: Russian Academy of Sciences Professor

Specialty from nomenclature of scientific specialties (Code of Higher Attestation Commission):  03.14.08 – Aviation, space and marine medicine; 08.31.64 – Audiology-otorhinolaryngology

Scientific major: space physiology, physiology and pathology of the auditory and vestibular system, otorhinolaryngology, otoneurology. 

Important publications:

  1. Sigaleva E. E. Prospects for Using the Metod of Breathing Normoxic Argon/Oxygen Gas Mixture for Purposes of Noise Otorprotection / E. E. Sigaleva, L. Yu. Marchenco, O. B. Pasekova [et al.] // Aerospace and Environmental Medicine. – 2023. – Vol. 57, № 2. – Pp. 65-73. – DOI: 10.21687/0233-528X-2023-57-2-65-73. – EDN FNIRSM.
  2. Sigaleva E. E. Noise “non-auditory” effects on the human body / E. E. Sigaleva, O. B. Pasekova, N.V. Degterenkova [et al.] // Human physiology. – 2023. – Vol. 49, № 6. – Pp. 76-83. DOI 10.31857/S0131164622600677. – EDN XBKQPU.

Pasekova Olga Borisovna

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E–mail: obp1710@gmail.com

Place of work: Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

Post: senior researcher at the Clinical and Physiological Research and Expertise Department

Specialty from nomenclature of scientific specialties (Code of Higher Attestation Commission):  03.14.08 – Aviation, space and marine medicine

Scientific major: space physiology, central nervous system and sensory organs physiology in extreme conditions. 

Important publications:

  1. Pasekova O. B. Otoacoustic Emission Testing in 21-day Dry Immertion as Prospects for Intracranial Pressure Monitoring / O. B. Pasekova, E. E. Sigaleva, L. Yu. Marchenco [et al.] // Sensory systems. – 2022. – Vol. 36, № 4. – Pp. 338-348. – DOI: 10.31857/S0235009222040059 – EDN: CUNZZE
  2. Sigaleva E. E. Noise “non-auditory” effects on the human body / E. E. Sigaleva, O. B. Pasekova, N.V. Degterenkova [et al.] // Human physiology. – 2023. – Vol. 49, № 6. – Pp. 76-83. 

Analysis of development of statistical methods for reliability assessment as quality properties of facilities and products

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DOI 10.51955/2312-1327_2024_1_6

Nikolai S. Khersonsky

Ludmila G. Bolshedvorskaya 

Abstract. Reliability is the most important characteristics of any object or product, since it is always important that what the supplier offers and supplies is of high quality not only at the time of purchase, but during the entire period of use. Currently, for the aviation and aerospace industries, for the military-industrial complex, the reliability of products is of particular relevance. This article provides an overview of scientific achievements in the field of reliability of technical facilities and products. Of course, this review is not overall. However, the consideration reflects a significant part of books, monographs and other fundamental materials that have not lost their relevance to the present. The results of the study are a kind of guide to the labyrinth of the most difficult problems of solving reliability problems and methods that can be used to solve them.

Keywords: reliability methods, product quality, objects of aviation, aerospace industries, military-industrial complex.

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Approaches to design and practice of unmanned aerial vehicles of the airplane type

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DOI 10.51955/2312-1327_2023_4_78

Sergey V. Skorobogatov

Dmitry A. Buturov

Abstract. Nowadays unmanned aviation has found wide application in many fields of human activity. Over the last two decades, such technology has moved from the category of military or experimental exotics to something applied and ubiquitous. Occupying more and more new spheres, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) get all the new functions. For their implementation the designers often take quite bold decisions, which are rare in the «big» manned aviation. The article examines the current state of the civilian airplane-type UAVs industry in terms of their design features, as well as the specifics of their application in various sectors of the economy. The authors analyse the principles underlying the choice of this or that aerodynamic scheme of a UAVs on the process of its design. In the context of possible UAVs application scenarios the advantages and disadvantages as well as limitations of a particular UAVs airframe layout, applied engine unit and construction materials are under consideration. Based on a summary of the parameters analysed, it stands out a number of classification features, which can be used as a basis for a comprehensive classification of a wide range of unmanned civil aviation.

Keywords: unmanned aircraft, unmanned aviation system, UAV, UAS, drone, classification, aerodynamic layout, application features, industry analysis.

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