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Mathematical model and application of the A-star algorithm to optimize ATS routes in the area control center Ho Chi Minh airspace

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DOI 10.51955/2312-1327_2025_1_64

Nguyen Ngoc Hoang Quan

Vladimir N. Nechaev

Vyacheslav B. Malygin

Abstract. The optimization of air traffic service (ATS) route networks is an effective approach to improving the structure of airspace, increasing its capacity, and reducing air traffic congestion. This paper presents a mathematical model and a method for optimizing ATS route networks based on the A-star algorithm, applied to the area control center Ho Chi Minh (ACC HCM) airspace. The ACC HCM airspace (one of the two ACC airspaces in Vietnam) ranks among the leading airspaces in Southeast Asia in terms of both size and workload. The objective function of the model is to minimize the total length of each ATS route within the studied airspace by systematically addressing specific constraints and optimizing the spatial configuration of ATS routes to ensure the most efficient passage within the given parameters. The calculation results demonstrate the potential of the proposed approach in increasing the airspace capacity, reducing air traffic congestion and operating costs, while maintaining the required level of safety.

Keywords: mathematical model, A-star algorithm, optimization of the ATS route network, air traffic, ACC HCM airspace, minimization of the total length of ATS routes.

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Nguyen Ngoc Hoang Quan

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E-mail:  quannnh@mail.ru

Place of work: Vietnam Aviation Academy, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

Post: Head of Department, FPL procedure assistant and Flight Dispatcher

Place of study: Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Moscow State Technical University of Civil Aviation», Moscow, Russia

Status: postgraduate student

Specialty from nomenclature of scientific specialties (Code of Higher Attestation Commission):  2.9.6. – Air navigation and operation of aviation equipment

Scientific major: air traffic flow management, airspace management, organization of schemes and routes of aircraft movement. 

Important publications:

  1. Hoang Kuan N. N. Proposals for the design of the organization of the airspace of the ATS sectors of the district control center of Ho Chi Minh City in order to increase its capacity / N. N. Hoang Kuan, V. N. Nechaev // Civil Aviation High Technologies. – 2024. – Volume 27, № 3. – P. 50-66.
  2. Neretin E. S. An Analysis of Human Interaction and Weather Effects on Aircraft Trajectory Prediction via Artificial Intellegence / E. S. Neretin, N. T. Linh Phuong, N. N. Hoang Quan // XIX Technical Scientific Conference on Aviation Dedicated to the Memory of N.E. Zhukovsky. – Moscow, 2022. P. 85-89.
  3. Nguyen N. H. Q. Development of an Arrival/Departure Manager Program to Support Air Traffic Management at Tan Son Nhat Airport / N. H. Q. Nguyen, K. D. Chau // Actual problems of the development of aviation technology and methods of its operation. – Irkutsk: Moscow State Technical University of Civil Aviation, 2023. – P. 179-188.

Nechaev Vladimir Nikolaevich

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E-mail: v.nechaev@mstuca.ru

Place of work: Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Moscow State Technical University of Civil Aviation», Moscow, Russia

Academic degree: Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor

Post: Head of the Department of Air Traffic Control

Specialty from nomenclature of scientific specialties (Code of Higher Attestation Commission): 2.9.6. – Air navigation and operation of aviation equipment

Scientific major: aeronautical flight support, patterns of navigation processes, traffic control of individual aircraft and their flows, improving the methods of using airspace, radio communications, navigation and surveillance to solve air traffic control problems.

The most important publications:

  1. Nechaev V. N. Air traffic control technology: a textbook / V. N. Nechaev, A. G. Kradinov, V. I. Pupynin. – Khimki: AGZ of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation, 2021. – 279 с.
  2. Nechaev V. N. Aviation meteorology: a textbook / V. N. Nechaev, Yu. S. Karchevsky, A. G. Kradinov. – Khimki: AGZ of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation, 2016. – 21 p.
  3. Nechaev V. N. Technology of ATS “Fundamentals of air traffic management”: an educational and methodological guide / V. N. Nechaev. – Voronezh: MIR LLC, 2021. – 52 с.
  4. In the service and defense of the Fatherland (history of the defense Society: to the 95th anniversary of its creation): a collective monograph \ Under the general editorship of the Chairman of the DOSAAF of Russia A. P. Kolmakov. – Moscow: ANO SPO “SOTIS”, 2022. – 560 p.
  5. Hoang Kuan N. N. Proposals for the design of the organization of the airspace of the ATS sectors of the district control center of Ho Chi Minh City in order to increase its capacity / N. N. Hoang Kuan, V. N. Nechaev // Civil Aviation High Technologies. – 2024. – Volume 27, № 3. – P. 50-66.

Malygin Viacheslav Borisovich

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E-mail: v.maligin@mstuca.ru

Place of work: Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Moscow State Technical University of Civil Aviation», Moscow, Russia

Post: Head of the Simulation Center, Department of Air Traffic Control

Specialty from nomenclature of scientific specialties (Code of Higher Attestation Commission): 2.9.6. – Air navigation and operation of aviation equipment

Scientific major: aeronautical flight support, patterns of navigation processes, traffic control of individual aircraft and their flows, improving the methods of using airspace, radio communications, navigation and surveillance to solve air traffic control problems.

The most important publications:

  1. Lebedev G. N. Creating private criteria for A-CDM effectiveness to take into account the interests of decision-making participants in a dynamic environment / G. N. Lebedev, V. B. Мalygin // Civil Aviation High Technologies. – 2020. – Vol. 23, № 6. – P. 53-64.
  2. Lebedev G. N. The way of organizing the flow of aircraft by inverse “trombone” type location of the useful manoeuvring area / G. N. Lebedev, V. B. Мalygin // Civil Aviation High Technologies. –2015. – № 221(11). – P. 144–147. (in Russian)
  3. Borsoev V. A. Decision making in air traffic control problems: monograph / V. A. Borsoev, G. N. Lebedev, V. B. Malygin [and others]; ed. Е. Е. Nechaev. –Moscow: Radiotechnics, 2018. – 415 с.
  4. Malygin V. B. Technique for determining the technological capabilities of the controller for managing a group of aircraft / V. B. Malygin, P. K. Tin, A. N. Turkov // Civil Aviation High Technologies. – 2013. – № 198. – P. 41-44.

Developing students’ receptive and productive pronunciation skills in the context of higher education and distance learning

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DOI 10.51955/2312-1327_2025_1_207

Natalia V. Gribacheva

Daria S. Bespalova

Olga Yu. Pavlova

Abstract. The paper focuses on developing students’ pronunciation skills in conditions of distance learning in higher education. The authors analyze the specifics of online EFL lessons (their advantages and disadvantages), list the main mistakes in teaching pronunciation and suggest the ways for teachers to avoid making them. The authors applied several methods during their research, i.e. comparative historical analysis of the up-to-date approaches to teaching pronunciation in English Teaching Methodology, observation, learning experience and project-based learning method. Special attention in the paper is given to the most efficient forms of student work during an online lesson in the aspect of acquiring natural English pronunciation and to the right way for teachers to motivate students and organize their unguided pronunciation practice activities. The importance of fostering students’ pronunciation skills is proven along with the vital role of pronunciation aspect in students’ communicative competence. The aim of teaching pronunciation is established with the term «threshold level of pronunciation». The article also concentrates on specific stages of online listening exercises and on the importance of doing them in the right order. Several options of facilitating the process of acquiring pronunciation skills during distance learning are offered in the article, i.e. shadowing technique, scaffolding, project work and individually-oriented approach.

Keywords: threshold level of pronunciation, oral communicative competence, phonological competence, communicative approach, pronunciation skills, distance learning, listening, connected speech, scaffolding, shadowing, project work.

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Gribacheva Natalia Valeryevna

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E-mail: gribachevanv@cspu.ru

Place of work: Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education “South Ural State Humanitarian Pedagogical University”, Chelyabinsk, Russia

Academic degree:  Candidate of Philology

Post: department associate professor of the department of foreign languages

Specialty from nomenclature of scientific specialties (Code of Higher Attestation Commission): 10.02.19 – Language theory 

Scientific major: theoretical and practical issues of teaching foreign languages; language theory.

Important publications:

  1. Bespalova D. S. Cognitive operation of transfiguration in creating a secondary text (based on fanfiction texts) / D. S. Bespalova, N. V. Gribacheva, М. S. Kulakovich // Bulletin of the South Ural State University. Ser. Linguistics. – 2024 – Vol. 21, № 2. – 5-11.

Bespalova Daria Sergeevna

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E-mail: bespalovads@cspu.ru

Place of work: Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education “South Ural State Humanitarian Pedagogical University”, Chelyabinsk, Russia

Academic degree:  Candidate of Philology

Post: associate professor of the department of foreign languages

Specialty from nomenclature of scientific specialties (Code of Higher Attestation Commission): 10.02.20 – Historical, typological and comparative linguistics.

Scientific major: theoretical and practical issues of teaching foreign languages; historical, typological and comparative linguistics.

Important publications:

  1. Bespalova D. S. Cognitive Operations in Process of Secondary Text Production in Fanfiction Genre / D. S. Bespalova, N. V. Gribacheva, S. I. Surovtseva // Nauchnyi dialog. – 2023. – № 12(4). – 9-26.

Pavlova Olga Yuryevna

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E-mail: pavlovaou@cspu.ru

Place of work: Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education “South Ural State Humanitarian Pedagogical University”, Chelyabinsk, Russia

Academic degree:  Candidate of History

Academic status:  associate professor

Post: department associate professor of the department of foreign languages

Specialty from nomenclature of scientific specialties (Code of Higher Attestation Commission): 07.00.03 – General history (of the corresponding period)

Scientific major: theoretical and practical issues of teaching foreign languages. General history (of the relevant period).

Important publications:

  1. Pavlova O. Y. The evolution of the «Northern Rock» – «Virgin Money» group as a reflection of general trends in the development of the UK financial system // Russian Economic Online Magazine. – 2024. – № 3. – EDN VTVRGJ.

Exogenous processes in veterinary terminology (based on the material of the german language)

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DOI 10.51955/2312-1327_2025_1_176

Giulnara A. Khakimova

Svetlana A. Zakharova

Abstract. The article considers borrowing as one of the ways to enrich the veterinary terminology system in the German language. The analysis of the factual material revealed that the borrowed terms in the term system under consideration, formed in the majority by hybridization, are derivatives, complex words or terminological phrases. It is revealed that among the derivational methods, the suffix method is the most productive. The formation of complex exogenous terms occurs as a result of hybridization according to three models: 1) the first component of a compound word is a word of German origin, the second component is a loanword, 2) the first component of a compound word is a loanword, the second is a word of German origin, 3) both components of a compound word are loanwords. The most productive confixes involved in the formation of veterinary terms are bakterie-, immun-, toxi-, dermo-, patho-, bio-, hämo-/häm-/hämato-, enzephalo-. Among the terms formed by the syntactic method of word formation, the most frequent are uncomplicated two-component phrases constructed according to the models: Adjektiv/Partizip II + Nomen im Nom or Nomen im Nom + Nomen im Gen. The formation of exogenous terms in the field of veterinary medicine occurs mainly with the help of morphological, morphological-syntactic, as well as syntactic methods of word formation.

Keywords: German veterinary terminological system, borrowings of Greek-Latin origin, term element, exogenous term, hybrid term, confix, morphological methods of word formation, word composition.

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Zakharova Svetlana Alekseevna

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E-mail: s.zakharova77@gmail.com

Place of work: Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education “Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology named after K. I. Skryabin”

Academic degree: Cand. Sci. (Philology)

Post: Associate Professor of the Department of Foreign and Russian Languages

Specialty from nomenclature of scientific specialties (Code of Higher Attestation Commission): 5.9.6. – Languages of the peoples of foreign countries (Romance) (philological sciences)

Scientific major: Terminologization and metaphorization in agricultural vocabulary and its role in shaping the Russian worldview. Ways to supplement veterinary terminology.

Important publications:

  1. Khakimova G. A. Metaphorical terms as a source of enrichment of the veterinary terminology system in the German language / G. A. Khakimova, S. A. Zakharova // Philology: scientific research. – 2024. – № 6. – pp. 1-17.
  2. Zakharova S. A. The main thematic group of agricultural vocabulary “soil (its properties, structure)” as a source of metaphorization / S. A. Zakharova // Scientific dialogue in the linguistic space : collection of articles of the I All-Russian Scientific and Practical Conference, Saratov, December 08, 2017. – Saratov: Tsesain LLC, 2017. – pp. 34-49.
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