ΠšΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Π³ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ: Aeronautics

Linear density theorem for circulation in a vortex tube

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DOI 10.51955/2312-1327_2024_4_

Nikolay V. Danilenko

Anton G. Kirenchev

Abstract. The article describes vortex formation in the atmospheric medium and analyzes the research on this topic. The main contradictions and problems in the study of vortex formation are revealed. The working process of transforming the initial potential flow of working body of the medium under study into vortex flow with the description of the main factors influencing this process is considered. The contradictions in the process of vortex tube formation are revealed, for which a new object of research was chosen – specific linear density of vortex circulation of gas (liquid) natural and anthropogenic media. The state and problems of the specific linear density of vortex circulation of the investigated vortex formation are assessed. The definition of specific linear density of circulation on the basis of its working process is presented. The correlation between the linear circulation density and the tangential velocity of the medium on the outer surface of the vortex tube is established. The definition of the theorem on the linear circulation density of a vortex tube is given. The proof of the theorem and the mathematical relationship of the linear density of medium vortex tube circulation and the tangential velocity on its outer surface are given. Corollaries of the theorem and their applications are presented.

Keywords: vortex formation, generation factors, working process, definition, theorem, classification, linear density of circulation, vortex tube, aircraft engine air intake vortices, tornadoes.

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Application of methods of theory of importance of criteria for determination of activities of pilots in control of aircraft with different level of automation

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DOIΒ 10.51955/2312-1327_2024_3_103

Gennadiy V. Kovalenko

Ivan S. Muravyev

Ilya A. Yadrov

Abstract. The formalization of the activities of pilots in the controlling of the latest generation aircraft (AC) is experiencing difficulties due to significant changes in the structure of human activity – the operator. For the most complete analysis of the procedure for controlling the activities of pilots when using various levels of automation, it turns out to be not enough to use only the mathematical apparatus of probability theory and decision-making methods in vague conditions. The article presents the result of applying the methods of the theory of the importance of criteria in order to determine the most rational choice of crew members’ activity at various stages of flight and piloting modes of the latest generation aircraft.

Keywords: importance of criteria, evaluation of flight parameters, activity control, degree of aircraft automation.

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Analysis of the methodological basis of aircraft flight path control

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DOI 10.51955/2312-1327_2024_3_59

Nikolay P. Malisov

Abstract. In the International Civil Aviation Organization, an important area is the development of new approaches to constructing and maintaining effective aircraft flight paths. Developing a flight control system capable of not only stabilizing the position, but also accurately tracking the trajectory for an aircraft is a rather complex task. In this paper, an algorithm for generating trajectory tracking control is proposed based on the methods of optimal control theory (OCT) using optimal filtering theory (OFT) approaches to estimate the trajectory motion parameters. The formulation of an autonomous optimal control problem is considered. In the paper, the flight route maintenance quality indicator is formulated as minimizing the deviation of the actual flight path from the specified one. The expediency of implementing the proposed approach is confirmed by the methods of simulation statistical modeling. To test the validity of the proposed approach, a simulation modeling of a typical flight path tracking under expected operating conditions was performed. Analysis of the results obtained during the simulation modeling shows that the deviation of the controlled flight path parameters from the specified values does not exceed 5Β m. The results demonstrate the efficiency of the algorithm for tracking a specified flight path and its stability to external disturbances.

Keywords: aircraft, flight path, Kalman filter, optimal control, optimal filtering, global navigation satellite system, trajectory control system.

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Application of powder charges in the emergency system of an aircraft landing gear

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DOI 10.51955/2312-1327_2024_3_117

Anatoly F. Penno

Abstract.Β Problematic issues related to the operation of the landing gear system of modern aircraft are considered. Some specific requirements for similar systems used on military aircraft are indicated. A constructive solution is proposed in the form of an original development for the use of the energy of powder gases in the emergency landing gear system using the example of the Yak-130 aircraft. The author carried out an analysis of the additional equipment necessary for the operation of the proposed method of extending the landing gear, as well as its impact on the flight performance of the aircraft related to a possible increase in weight as well as changes in the dimensions of the aircraft. Based on the results of the study, a conclusion was made about the possibility of using powder charges in the emergency system of an aircraft landing gear.

Key words: Landing gear system, powder charge, extension cylinder, reliability, flight safety.

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Detection and demodulation of signals with modulation indexes greater than one in radio monitoring of aviation radio communication

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DOI 10.51955/2312-1327_2024_2_119

Muslim A. Mezhetov

Alexey A. Shalaev

Vladislav P. Churbakov

Abstract. Communication between an aircraft and ground services is the main means of organizing air traffic control and providing the safety and regularity of air transportation. In order to maintain the operability of radio communication channels is to perform radio monitoring. This article considers a radio monitoring algorithm. It makes possible to classify amplitude-modulated signals by modulation depth, to show the possibility of detection of overmodulated oscillations and to restore the initial information message with sufficient accuracy for its perception.

Key words: overmodulation, double-sideband suppressed carrier modulation, signal analysis, interference detection, cognitive radio, radio monitoring.

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Neural network system for laser diagnostics of aircraft cabin glazing elements

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DOI 10.51955/2312-1327_2024_2_61

Pavel V. Pavlov

Daniil I. Tyurnev

Nikita V. Sukhachev

Abstract. Assessing the technical condition of glazing elements in the cockpits of operational-tactical aircraft still remains the most important task in ensuring flight safety. To increase the efficiency of operations for non-destructive testing of glazing elements using the speckle structure method of optical radiation, the authors propose to use neural network technologies to automatically identify controlled areas in the cockpit. Artificial intelligence technologies have been used to realise this task. They are based on algorithms of semantic segmentation, classification and detection of monitored areas according to the established markers on the cabin due to the application of convolutional neural network on YOLOv8. The application of machine vision technology have made it possible real-time measurement of the glazing exit from the termination when overpressure has been created inside the cabin. This reduces the time for technical condition assessment by at least 10 times. The use of machine vision technologies have made it possible to measure the value of the glazing outlet from the sealing in real time when creating excessive pressure inside the cabin and thereby reduce the time to assess the technical condition by at least 10 times. The authors have established the reason for the discrepancy between the results of using the speckle-structure method of optical radiation in determining the value of glazing yield from the termination and the “tape” method and developed recommendations to reduce measurement errors.

Keywords: non-destructive testing, optical-electronic systems, speckle, semantic segmentation, convolutional neural network, YOLO, glazing.

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Development of a conflict detection and resolution methodololy used in the operational flight 4D-trajectory planning

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DOI 10.51955/2312-1327_2024_2_77

Nguyen Thi Linh Phuong

Evgeny S. Neretin

Nguyen Nhu Man

Abstract. Conflict detection and resolution is one of the key tasks in ensuring the safety and efficiency of air transport. In Trajectory Based Operation (TBO), aircraft are given greater flexibility in planning trajectories along the route and greater responsibility for self-separation from each other, so the pilot will need assistance to safely and efficiently perform the task of decentralized conflict resolution during the en-route flight. In this work, we develop a method for identifying and resolving conflict situations in cruising phase based on four-dimensional grid nodes (4D-grid) and the A-star shortest path search algorithm (A* for short) to form an optimal four-dimensional trajectory (4D-trajectory) bypass all airspace obstacles. This new approach helps to avoid false warnings about potential conflicts due to the ability to early detect them and accurately determine the distance from aircraft to areas of dangerous proximity (prohibited zones (PZ), zones of bad weather, other aircraft) and then autonomously form a time-spatial trajectory to bypass them. In order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, we conduct three experiments in different airspace conditions (with and without the areas of dangerous proximity). The results of the experiments prove that potential dangerous proximities of aircraft in flight are effectively identified and resolved using the proposed methodology.

Keywords: Conflict detection and resolution, self-separation, 4D trajectory, 4D-grid, algorithm A*.

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Investigation of the influence of acting loads on microstructural changes in the alloy Inconel 738LC

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DOI 10.51955/2312-1327_2024_2_51

Oleg A. Ratenko

Elizaveta V. Samojlenko

Yurij V. Petrov

Abstract. In modern economic conditions, one of the important tasks is to transfer as many structural elements of aircraft engines as possible to condition-based operation while maintaining a balance between the economic effect and the flight safety level. Such measures will significantly allow aircraft operators to reduce operating costs. One of the candidates for the transition to condition-based operation are turbine blades of gas turbine engines, made from heat-resistant nickel alloys. The microstructure of the heat-resistant nickel alloys is a Ξ³-matrix with dispersed particles of the Ξ³’-phase included into it, which are the elements that provide the high strength properties of nickel alloys. The microstructural changes that occur during the operation of gas turbine engines in turbine blades associated with an increase in the size and shape of the Ξ³’-phase particles, as well as their volume fraction, lead to degradation of the mechanical properties of products. Taking into account these changes can be a tool that will allow one to carry out calculations aimed at assessing the technical condition of the blades of gas turbine engines during their operation.

Key words: gas turbine engine, turbine blade, heat-resistant nickel alloy, Ξ³’-phase, alloy microstructure.

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Aircraft flight safety management system with a basic built-in system of automatic tolerance control of the hydraulic system and failure monitoring and forecasting systems

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DOIΒ 10.51955/2312-1327_2024_2_36

Mihail A Bobrin

Abstract. This paper considers an integrated tolerance control system with failure monitoring and prediction subsystems for aircraft safety management system (ASMS), which is relevant nowadays. The paper deals with the operational component of hydraulic system (HS) tolerance zones. The internal measured parameter is pressure, so it was necessary to find an algorithm that reflects its dependence on operating conditions, its coefficient of kinematic viscosity of the fluid, its temperature, operating time, ambient temperature and flight stage. The operational component of the tolerance zone can be derived from the obtained expression for the pressure by substituting the boundary values of the parameters included in this dependence.

While polling the sensors of the automatic control system it is necessary each time to calculate the range of variation of the parameter for the given stage of flight and other conditions with the help of algorithms for calculating the tolerance zone obtained in the paper. Moreover, the control system has to process a large amount of information using artificial intelligence (AI) methods which allows the safety of aircraft flight (SAF) to be managed.

Keywords: aircraft health management system, aircraft flight safety management system, automatic control system of aircraft hydraulic systems, operational pressure-tolerant zone.

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Control of the flight path of an unmanned aerial vehicle with different configurations of navigation information sources

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DOI 10.51955/2312-1327_2024_1_113

Boris V. Lezhankin

Vyacheslav V. Erokhin

Nikolay P. Malisov

Abstract. In real conditions of application for high-precision positioning and trajectory control of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) when flying along a route, insufficient noise immunity and operating accuracy of satellite navigation system receivers are manifested. In this regard, it is relevant to study possible methods and means of providing high-precision navigation definitions based on complex processing of signals from various sources of navigation information when solving the problem of displaying a UAV in a terminal set.

The article presents the results of developing a UAV trajectory control algorithm based on methods of statistical optimal control theory, the implementation of which will improve the accuracy of maintaining a given flight route. The characteristics for analyzing errors in maintaining the flight path are considered.

The results of modeling and research of the characteristics of the trajectory control algorithm for various configurations of navigation information sources (NIS) are presented and the dependence of the accuracy of maintaining a given UAV flight route on errors in estimating navigation parameters is shown.

Keywords: trajectory control, unmanned aerial vehicle, Letov-Kalman algorithm, sources of navigation information, automatic dependent surveillance.

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