DOI 10.51955/2312-1327_2024_1_24

Nikolay I. Nikolaykin

Elena Ed. Sigaleva

Alexandra L. Rybalkina

Olga B. Pasekova

Abstract. The results of an analysis of the influence of pilot age on injury statistics in civil aviation are described. The proportion of aviation accidents caused by human actions remains the same and even tends to increase. Workers continue to get injured during ground handling operations for aircraft. The authors’ assessment of the various risk factors contribution to ongoing negative events confirms the human factor prevalence. Statistics on the activities of civil aviation was analyzed. Examples of aviation accidents involving general aviation aircraft and medical aircraft transporting patients who required emergency medical care were considered.

It has been shown that there is a peak in the aviation accidents for pilots aged 50-59 years, and this peak is observed among experienced pilots with more than 5,000 hours of flight time. For pilots aged 40-49 years, half of the accidents occurred among aircraft commanders with 1,000 … 5,000 hours of flight time, and about one third among pilots with less than 500 hours of flight time.

It was revealed that for domestic general aviation in 2020, the main causes of aviation accidents were such elements of human factor as piloting errors associated with deficiencies in training and little flight experience; loss of spatial orientation in weather conditions that do not comply with visual flight rules, when the underlying surface is white, when caught in a snow whirlwind, as well as a collision with power line wires.

Keywords: aviation, flight safety, industrial safety, human factor, pilot age.

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DOI 10.51955/2312-1327_2024_1_6

Nikolai S. Khersonsky

Ludmila G. Bolshedvorskaya 

Abstract. Reliability is the most important characteristics of any object or product, since it is always important that what the supplier offers and supplies is of high quality not only at the time of purchase, but during the entire period of use. Currently, for the aviation and aerospace industries, for the military-industrial complex, the reliability of products is of particular relevance. This article provides an overview of scientific achievements in the field of reliability of technical facilities and products. Of course, this review is not overall. However, the consideration reflects a significant part of books, monographs and other fundamental materials that have not lost their relevance to the present. The results of the study are a kind of guide to the labyrinth of the most difficult problems of solving reliability problems and methods that can be used to solve them.

Keywords: reliability methods, product quality, objects of aviation, aerospace industries, military-industrial complex.

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DOI 10.51955/2312-1327_2023_4_20

Alexandra L. Rybalkina

Abstract. The paper presents the results of a study of individual circadian rhythms and age influence on maintenance staff fatigue. Fatigue indicators were assessed using seven indicators for four types of shifts: day shift, night shift, daily shift, five-day work week. Changes in the values of maintenance staff fatigue indicators were analyzed for each type of work shift, depending on the type of individual circadian rhythms (larks, owls, pigeons) and depending on age (20-29, 30-39, 40-49 and 50-59 years old). The data obtained show that the age and individual circadian rhythms influence the civil aviation maintenance staff fatigue.

Keywords: individual circadian rhythms, fatigue, maintenance staff, human factor, questionnaires.

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DOI 10.51955/2312-1327_2023_4_6

Nikolai S. Khersonsky

Ludmila G. Bolshedvorskaya

Abstract. The risk of release of non-conforming products may arise under the influence of various factors. The results of earlier studies showed that the most significant factors that reduce the quality of products include a decrease in the efficiency of equipment, the level of professional competence of performers, the reliability of partners and suppliers of raw materials, materials, components. This work is devoted to the development of a mechanism for choosing a reliable supplier.

Keywords: product safety and operability, categorization of controlled parameters, selection and evaluation of suppliers, cost reduction.

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DOI 10.51955/2312-1327_2023_3_22

Elena I. Trusova

Vitalii D. Rubtsov

Alexandra L. Rybalkina

Abstract. The influence of wind gusts on the safety of aircraft flights is described. The impulse nature of wind gusts is substantiated. Experimental studies of wind gusts carried out with the help of a parametric recording device on an ultrasonic beam and an anemometer are analyzed, and it is shown that wind gusts have an impulsive nature, similar to atmospheric noise envelope emissions. The results of the analytical description of the probabilistic characteristics of atmospheric noise envelope emissions known from the literature are applied to wind gusts on the runway. Characteristics are given for the average duration of wind gusts, intervals between wind gusts and the average duration of intervals, the distribution of the duration of wind gusts, the average number and distribution of maxima of wind gusts.

Keywords: gusts of wind, probabilistic description, flight safety, aircraft, logarithmically normal model.

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DOI 10.51955/2312-1327_2023_3_6

Nikolai S. Khersonsky

Ludmila G. Bolshedvorskaya 

Abstract. The paper is a logical continuation of a series of publications devoted to solving problems aimed at managing the process of assessing the production of non-conforming products through the use of statistical methods. This paper presents mathematical models for determining the required quantity of spare parts for devices consisting of a large number of identical units and assessing the dependence of the quantity of spare units on the number of operating devices and repair teams servicing them. The developed mathematical models are universal and can be used for any industry: aviation, atomic, chemical industry, etc.

Key words: mathematical model, queuing systems, devices, failure rate, mean time to failure, spare parts, units, repair team.

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DOI 10.51955/2312-1327_2023_2_15

Sergey V. Skorobogatov

Abstract. The purpose of this article is to investigate the barrier ice accretion after aircraft de-icing, as well as to analyze the impact of it on flight safety. The influence degree of the flight speed factor, the factor of the ice ridges location relative to the aircraft Pitot tubes on the airflow disturbance creation and the total pressure indicators pulsations is studied. It was analyzed the aviation accidents related to the aircraft icing process. A detailed study of the incident caused by the barrier ice in the fuselage nose section was performed; weather conditions and de-icing procedure by the ground personnel were analyzed. It has been presented a picture of the turbulent flow pulsations behind the ice ridges, making it possible to determine the flight conditions when the crew may receive unreliable information about the airspeed being an important parameter necessary for the autopilot normal operation.

Keywords: icing, de-icing, flight safety, ice ridges, Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes equations.

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DOI 10.51955/2312-1327_2023_2_6

Nikolai S. Khersonsky

Ludmila G. Bolshedvorskaya

Abstract. The main motive for conducting the study was the need to consider in detail the change in equipment performability depending on the manifestation of random and non-random factors. The results obtained will make it possible to solve particular problems conditioned by the need to assess the survivability of equipment, the likelihood of its service life or radical replacement.

Key words: simulation, survivability, equipment performability, equipment replacement

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DOI 10.51955/2312-1327_2023_1_42

Elena I. Trusova

Alexandra L. Rybalkina

Nikolay I. Nikolaykin

Abstract. The results of the analysis of negative aviation events caused by difficult weather conditions are presented; it is statistically confirmed that this predominantly occurs with helicopters. The influence of environmental factors on the piloting of aircraft is overviewed, the mechanism of such influence is explained; an analysis of earlier studies is given. The possibility to reduce the piloting risks by preliminary assessment of the adverse weather risks is shown. For the planned helicopter flights, a method of preliminary compensation of environmental influence is proposed.

Keywords: weather conditions, risk assessment methodology, flight safety, helicopter.

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DOI 10.51955/2312-1327_2023_1_27

Nikolai S. Khersonsky

Ludmila G. Bolshedvorskaya

Abstract. The authors develop and show the practical applicability of mathematical models for assessing the wear of equipment. According to the property of fixed assets, which equipment belongs to, it has to be replaced as a result of wear and tear. In this connection, the relevance of the conducted research is caused by the search of models for assessing their state at a given moment of time. The complexity of developing such models is due to the fact that the characteristics of equipment performance are random values and random functions. When planning the work of the enterprise it is necessary to take into account the statistical characteristics of the survivability of the equipment. Only in this way it is possible to foresee in advance the amount of renewable equipment, the order of preventive maintenance and the terms in which equipment should be replaced to ensure uninterrupted implementation of the production program without excessive investment expenditures of the enterprise.

Key words:  mathematical models, wear and replacement of equipment, optimization.

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