Категория: # 3, 2023

Noise as a contributing to aviation events condition

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DOI 10.51955/2312-1327_2024_3_6

Evgeniy Yu. Starkov

Nikolay I. Nikolaykin

Elena Ed. Sigaleva

Galina P. Stepanova

Annotation. The article provides statistical data on passenger turnover of air transport in comparison with other types of transport in Russia, as well as flight safety indicators over the last decade. The leading types of events leading to aviation accidents have been identified. It has been revealed that the cause of many of the negative aviation events that have occurred are violations of the functional state, loss of performance and errors of crew members, which are facilitated by the conditions of the person’s environment.

The authors study the variability of heart rhythms, reflecting changes in the psycho-emotional state of a person during noise. The results of the study confirm that a change in the activity of the sympathetic and parasympathetic parts of the autonomic nervous system of the human operator. This indicates the development of stress under the influence of noise.

The authors demonstrate the importance of counteracting the negative effects of noise on aviation personnel to improve flight safety and reduce injuries and propose to use otoprotection with an oxygen-argon gas mixture to concentrate the attention of the crew in extreme situations.

Key words: air transport, aviation accidents, human factor, noise, otoprotection, argon.

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The peculiarities of the language of russian germans (a case study of fairy tales by N. Wacker)

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DOI 10.51955/2312-1327_2023_3_213

Vera B. Merkuryeva

Abstract. In the article, using the examples from Nellie Wacker’s fairy tales, which were published by a Kazakh publishing house in 1995, when the author was already living in Cologne (Germany), the originality of the language of Russian Germans is demonstrated. The article represents a certain contribution to the development of linguopersonology. The bilingual author consciously, and sometimes unconsciously, includes examples from the field of grammar, vocabulary, semantics and stylistics in the texts of fairy tales. All of them arose as a result of the contact of the two languages: German and Russian, as well as the processes of interference, and the consequences of the influence of the Russian language on the German one. All examples are confirmed by native German speakers and are clear evidence of the artistic bilingualism of Russian Germans.

Keywords: language contacts, bilingualism, literary bilingualism, bilingual literary text, interfering influence, Russianisms, fairy tale.

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Tendentious curvature of mirrors: Roman Jakobson in the «popular historiography» of linguistics

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DOI 10.51955/2312-1327_2023_3_127 

Oleg A. Radchenko

Rashid S. Alikaev

Abstract. This article explores presentation peculiarities of R.O. Jakobson’s (1896-1982) biographical data on popular Internet sites that often serve as the main or most sought-after source of information on the history of Russian and foreign linguistics by young researchers in Russia. A narrative metacritical approach to the information presented on these platforms allows to visualize the extent to which prominent linguists’ images can be distorted, exemplified by one of the founders of the Moscow Linguistic Circle and the Prague School of Functional Linguistics. The main attention is paid in the article to the Prague period of R.O. Jakobson’s activity.

Keywords: history of linguistics, narrative method, metacritical approach, Roman Jakobson, network resources on linguistics

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Modus categorization of erroneous cognitions in the english worldview

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DOI 10.51955/2312-1327_2023_3_90

Tatiana I. Semenova

Abstract. The study discusses linguistic categorization of erroneous cognitions verbalized by linguistic units like mistake, make a mistake, error, blunder, make a blunder, gaffe, make a gaffe, wrong, get something wrong, make a wrongdoing, wrongness. Of central concern in the research is the issue of the modus (interpretative) character of the concept MISTAKE that serves as the conceptual basis of the modus category of erroneous cognitions. The paper highlights the issue that the concept MISTAKE as a conceptually complex knowledge structure activates two types of knowledge representation: the primary knowledge representation of the events in the physical world (Тelling him the truth)) and the secondary evaluative representation of the knowledge once verbalized (was a mistake).  The paper focuses on the interpretative function of negative evaluative interpretation that serves as the conceptual basis of the modus category of erroneous cognitions. The author comes to the conclusion that the modus category of erroneous cognitions serves to interpret the secondary representation of knowledge from the perspective of the negative evaluation conceptualized as ‘an action  that produces a result that is not intended.’ The modus function of the negative evaluative interpretation serves as the conceptual basis of the modus category of erroneous cognitions. The findings obtained may be helpful for further study of the processes of evaluative interpretation and evaluative categorization as an integral part of human cognition.  

Kew words: mistake, concept, interpretation, modus category, modus categorization, evaluative interpretation, categorical status

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Probabilistic description of wind gusts in the runway area affecting the safety of aircraft flights

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DOI 10.51955/2312-1327_2023_3_22

Elena I. Trusova

Vitalii D. Rubtsov

Alexandra L. Rybalkina

Abstract. The influence of wind gusts on the safety of aircraft flights is described. The impulse nature of wind gusts is substantiated. Experimental studies of wind gusts carried out with the help of a parametric recording device on an ultrasonic beam and an anemometer are analyzed, and it is shown that wind gusts have an impulsive nature, similar to atmospheric noise envelope emissions. The results of the analytical description of the probabilistic characteristics of atmospheric noise envelope emissions known from the literature are applied to wind gusts on the runway. Characteristics are given for the average duration of wind gusts, intervals between wind gusts and the average duration of intervals, the distribution of the duration of wind gusts, the average number and distribution of maxima of wind gusts.

Keywords: gusts of wind, probabilistic description, flight safety, aircraft, logarithmically normal model.

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Application of hierarchical cluster analysis in the training of aviation specialists

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DOI 10.51955/2312-1327_2023_3_158

Denis A. Evsevichev

Evgeniy A. Kostikov

Yury V. Shtyrlov

Ekaterina S. Alyakina

Abstract. The article discusses an approach to assessing the quality of the formation of competencies in the relevant disciplines mastered by a student or cadet of an educational institution of civil aviation. The assessment is formed by applying one of the unsupervised machine learning methods – hierarchical cluster analysis. Data collection to assess the cadets’ performance of a higher educational institution of civil aviation was carried out during the development of the discipline «Radio equipment of airfields». The experimental study took place during the semester. Tests for the discipline were formed in special Google forms, which made it possible to simplify the process of data collection and provide convenient control over the execution of tests. Data processing and further work with them was carried out in the Jupyter Notebook development environment using the high-level object-oriented programming language Python. In the program for the implementation of clustering, the cluster.hierarchy.linkage method from the SciPy library was used. For a graphical determination of the optimal number of clusters into which the sample should be divided, the Cattell’s scree criterion was used. The described approach makes it possible to single out students into separate groups (clusters) in order to automate the verification of the development of competencies.

Keywords: education, competencies, grade, statistics, machine learning, clustering, cluster analysis, dendrogram, automation, program.

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Determination of the necessary quantity of spare parts to maintain the performance of devices

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DOI 10.51955/2312-1327_2023_3_6

Nikolai S. Khersonsky

Ludmila G. Bolshedvorskaya 

Abstract. The paper is a logical continuation of a series of publications devoted to solving problems aimed at managing the process of assessing the production of non-conforming products through the use of statistical methods. This paper presents mathematical models for determining the required quantity of spare parts for devices consisting of a large number of identical units and assessing the dependence of the quantity of spare units on the number of operating devices and repair teams servicing them. The developed mathematical models are universal and can be used for any industry: aviation, atomic, chemical industry, etc.

Key words: mathematical model, queuing systems, devices, failure rate, mean time to failure, spare parts, units, repair team.

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Logistical opportunities for cargo delivery to the republic of Sakha (Yakutia)

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DOI 10.51955/2312-1327_2023_3_78 

Sergey Yu. Kurdyukov

Anton V. Zedgenizov

Abstract. The paper considers the main ways of cargo delivery to the northern territories of the Irkutsk region and the Republic of Yakutia. The authors substantiate the relevance and significance of the research topic. The main transport artery within the framework of the northern delivery is the Lena River, along which, during the summer river navigation, most of the cargo is delivered from the port of Osetrovo (Ust-Kut) to the ports of Yakutsk and Tiksi. However, due to the completion of the Amur-Yakutsk Mainline, the role of the Yakutsk river port as a logistics hub for cargo delivery to remote and northern areas of the Arctic zone is increasing. The authors of the paper clearly prove the advantages of the new cargo delivery route under the scheme: “railway -river” via Yakutsk in comparison with the traditional delivery route from the port of Osetrovo. Promising areas for the development of freight transportation in Yakutia are associated with the implementation of projects for the construction of a railway bridge across the Lena River in Yakutsk and the modernization of the seaport of Tiksi, which serves as a reference point in the Arctic zone of Yakutia in the framework of the transport corridor “Northern Sea Route”.

Key words: multimodal transportation, northern delivery, highway, cargo transshipment, transport corridor, development of cargo transportation, Lena river basin, Arctic zone, Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), the potential of the Yakut river port.

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Law enforcement officers’ social and humanitarian support in the period of their professional and personal development

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DOI 10.51955/2312-1327_2023_3_171

Larisa Yu. Nezhkina

Abstract. The paper is devoted to the idea of law enforcement officers’ social and humanitarian support during their professional and personal development. The professional development of an officer’s personality begins in the period of his/her training in an educational organization of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia and is an important part of life because during this period he/she gains the necessary professional knowledge, skills and abilities which will practically influence the result of his/her activities. It is important to note that during that period significant business and personal qualities are formed as well as moral guidelines that show the person’s attitude to work and people, and therefore, it is important to pay special attention to the formation of business, personal and moral qualities during the officer’s professional and personal development. In this regard, the idea of social and humanitarian support for officers is proposed. An officer’s social and humanitarian support during the training period is understood as creating conditions for the development of a conscious understanding of the profession and his/her role in it, formation of the best human qualities, motivation for self-education and self-study. Such conditions imply a dialogue interaction between the teacher and the student, psychological and pedagogical assistance and support. The author outlines the main essence of social and humanitarian support and possible ways of its implementation. At the end of the paper, the importance of the implementation of social and humanitarian support in the period of officers’ professional and personal development is emphasized. The practical significance lies in the fact that the implementation of officers’ social and humanitarian support during the training period in an educational organization of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia will make it possible to qualitatively change the educational environment, create conditions for the development of spiritual and moral maturity, the existential orientation of the individual to self-actualization, professional and personal development.

Key words: personal development, profession, formation, education, support, officer, humanistic approach.

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Innovations in the system of higher technical education in Russia at the present time

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DOI 10.51955/2312-1327_2023_3_144

Olga V. Toporkova

Abstract. The article deals with innovations in the domestic system of higher technical education in the first decades of the 21st century. The advantages and disadvantages of the country’s participation in the Bologna Agreement for higher technical education are analyzed, new mechanisms for implementing the personalization of student learning used at Russian technical universities, including individual educational trajectories, using foreign languages when teaching students, project activities, etc. are considered. The article analyzes the features of the implementation of competence-based approach in the domestic practice of higher technical education at the present time, the importance of using a transdisciplinary approach in designing the content of educational programs as well as the need to use active teaching methods for prospective engineers and student-centered learning models are emphasized. The article considers the use of digital technologies in the training of professionals in the field of engineering and technology in our country, the advantages and disadvantages of digitalization of engineering education. The difficulties associated with the introduction of e-learning and distance learning technologies are introduced.

Key words: innovations, higher technical education, Bologna process, personalization of student learning, individual educational trajectories, digital learning technologies, project-based learning, competence-based approach.

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