Категория: # 4, 2023

Approaches to design and practice of unmanned aerial vehicles of the airplane type

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DOI 10.51955/2312-1327_2023_4_78

Sergey V. Skorobogatov

Dmitry A. Buturov

Abstract. Nowadays unmanned aviation has found wide application in many fields of human activity. Over the last two decades, such technology has moved from the category of military or experimental exotics to something applied and ubiquitous. Occupying more and more new spheres, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) get all the new functions. For their implementation the designers often take quite bold decisions, which are rare in the «big» manned aviation. The article examines the current state of the civilian airplane-type UAVs industry in terms of their design features, as well as the specifics of their application in various sectors of the economy. The authors analyse the principles underlying the choice of this or that aerodynamic scheme of a UAVs on the process of its design. In the context of possible UAVs application scenarios the advantages and disadvantages as well as limitations of a particular UAVs airframe layout, applied engine unit and construction materials are under consideration. Based on a summary of the parameters analysed, it stands out a number of classification features, which can be used as a basis for a comprehensive classification of a wide range of unmanned civil aviation.

Keywords: unmanned aircraft, unmanned aviation system, UAV, UAS, drone, classification, aerodynamic layout, application features, industry analysis.

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Concerning the aberration law application in radio navigation and aircraft surveillance

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DOI 10.51955/2312-1327_2023_4_63

Evgeny A. Rubtsov

Abstract. The author analyzes the potential use of the aberration law which describes the deviation of measured parameters of an observed object as it changes its position relative to the observer. The law was studied in terms of its application in radio navigation and aircraft surveillance. During research the author obtained dependences of deviations of observable and real (true) characteristics of an observed object for such aids of radio-technical support of flights as a primary radar, distance measuring equipment (DME) and a ground station of automatic dependent surveillance. In doing so, the speed of the observed object was set equal to 250 m/s (typical for existing airplanes) and 600 m/s (specific for perspective supersonic airplanes). It follows from the calculations that the aberration effect cannot be detected for determining slant range or pulse duration tasks due to the imperfection of the existing measuring instruments. However, the aberration effect can be detected in the tasks of determining the time interval between probing pulses of the primary radar or automatic dependent surveillance messages, as well as in the determination of the frequency of the DME signal. This is achieved due to a sufficiently large dynamic range of the measured values. For the method of evaluating the aberration effect given in the paper the author performed estimation of the sensitivity to the errors of the measured value and the velocity of the observed object. The research confirmed possibility to apply the law of aberration in practice for radio navigation aids and aircraft surveillance, which can increase accuracy of position-fixing and determination of aircraft movement parameters as well as to expand capabilities of the available equipment.

 Key words: aberration, true parameters, observed parameters, radio navigation aids, aircraft surveillance aids.

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Using the TDOA method for validation of broadcast automatic dependent surveillance

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DOI 10.51955/2312-1327_2023_4_50

Alexander P. Plyasovskih

Artem V. Koposov

Vladislav Yu. Davidenko

Abstract. The paper considers the possibility of using the Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA) method, which can be applied to confirm the reliability of information coming from multiple sources. TDOA method can be applied to validate the information received from several ground automatic dependent surveillance stations of broadcast type (ADS-B). The paper is aimed at studying the TDOA method and its application to ADS-B stations. This method makes it possible to use the ADS-B as the only means of surveillance at the airfield. Currently, according to ICAO recommendations, ADS-B stations are not allowed to be used as a stand-alone surveillance aid due to the problems related to the possibility of distorting a signal or introducing some false information into messages, so the operation of this type of stations is possible only together with other means of surveillance, such as multi-position surveillance systems (MLAT) or secondary surveillance radar systems (SSR) thus increasing the cost of organizing surveillance on the airfield. Thus, the relevance of the work is related to the need to find an alternative method of confirming the validity of an ADS-B message.

Key words: ADS-B, validation, spoofing, time difference, hyperbole.

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Critical thinking of “digital natives” generation

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DOI 10.51955/2312-1327_2023_4_211 

Anna Y. Veretennikova

Abstract. The main question presented in this paper is “Is critical thinking typical for the current generation of young people, the so-called “digital natives”? Having considered the views of researchers on the term “critical thinking”, the author’s definition is given as “a system of mental states, processes aimed at developing an assessment.” It is emphasized that the theories of the activity approach and evaluation activities can be the basis for studying this aspect. It is noted that, despite the declaration of mandatory work on the formation of this type of thinking among students at all levels of national education, the study of the judgments of representatives of the generation of “digital natives” from the point of view of critical thinking revealed a weak degree of understanding of the relevance, essence of this type of thinking, and also, in most cases, the lack of skills in its operations. It is emphasized that clip perception, characteristic of the modern generation of young people, hinders the development of critical thinking. Based on the study, a conclusion is made about the need for targeted educational work with an emphasis on the development of students’ critical thinking. Some methods of work are given.

Keywords: D. Dewey, critical thinking, clip perception, digital natives, evaluation activity, Socratic dialogues.

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Quiz as a tool to attract readers to writings about russian robinsons

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DOI 10.51955/2312-1327_2023_4_222

Tatiana V. Shvetsova

Veronika E. Shakhova

Abstract. The article describes the concept of creation and application of quiz-technology as an actual tool for participation of students to reading works about adventures «robinsons» from Mezen in the Arctic. Material for the design of the class serves an 18th century essay. The book by P. L. Le Roy «The adventures of four Russian sailors to the island of East Spitsbergen brought by storm, where they have lived for six years and three months» (1766) is difficult to perceive for a modern teenager. As practice has shown, quiz is a productive means of encouraging schoolchildren to reading the text. In our case, the quiz allows us to solve two problems in a game form: to increase the motivation for studying the literature, and to acquaint with one of the key stories in the literary history of the Russian North – the survival of fishermen on the Edge island in 1743-1749.

Keywords: Russian Robinsons, Quiz Technology, Arctic Quiz, Native Literature, Arctic studies.

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Structural and functional model of the categorical system of social upbringing in the scientific substantiation

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DOI 10.51955/2312-1327_2023_4_187

Zulfiya A. Aksyutina

Abstract. The article provides a scientific substantiation of the categorical system of social upbringing based on the structural and functional model developed by the author. The scientific substantiation assumed the designation of the place and function of the model representation in the structure of the scientific substantiation. When conducting research, the author, following V. V. Kraevsky, understood the methodology of pedagogy as “a system of knowledge about the foundations and structure of pedagogical theory, about the principles of approach and methods of obtaining knowledge that reflect pedagogical reality”. Modeling, theoretical analysis and categorical synthesis were used as the main methods. Modeling was used to develop a structural and functional model of the scientific substantiation of the categorical system of social upbringing. The starting point of the model is pedagogical reality, the practical activity of social education in the broad sense as a special sphere of social activity, as part of social reality. They found a description by highlighting the components for theoretical analysis: the field of cognitive description, the normative sphere and the practice of social upbringing. Categorical synthesis was carried out using the pedagogical categories of social upbringing. For further scientific substantiation of the categorical system of social education, a promising direction for the search for mechanisms for the transition from theory to practice, from research to design, from judgments to norms is highlighted.

Key words: social upbringing, categorical system of social upbringing, scientific substantiation, pedagogical category, pedagogical concept, structural-functional model, field of cognitive description, normative sphere, practice of social upbringing.

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Experience in organizing an eco-educational project within the framework of educational work with students in higher education

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DOI 10.51955/2312-1327_2023_4_198

Anastasia V. Danchevskaya

Abstract. The article is devoted to the problem of eco-educational events organizing in higher education organizations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. The material for the study was the results of the project activities implementation within the framework of a problem-oriented approach on the example of a specific eco-educational event – the ecological forum “Disposable Planet”. The study used general scientific inductive methods, the method of analysis and the search method. The relevance of the topic is due to a number of factors: the actualization of the educational component, the complex environmental situation of the modern world, the weak development of environmental competencies among young people. The paper presents a brief analysis of Russian and foreign scientific literature on the problem of project-based learning in general and the features of environmental education in the form of project activities, in particular. The author presents and analyzes the experience of organizing an eco–educational project – the ecological forum “One-time Life”, held in March 2022 based on the East Siberian Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. The relevance and educational orientation of the event in the system of higher education and youth education, as well as in educational institutions of higher education of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation is determined. The practical experience of the implementation of this project and its main results are presented. The main target audience were students of the Institute of 1-4 courses of full-time faculties. The forum allowed to reach 25 people, increase the knowledge, skills and abilities of the forum participants in three areas of environmental education, develop six projects to conduct environmental education events at the university, as well as attract other persons to cooperate with the institute as part of its greening.

Keywords: education, environmental forum, environmental education, organization of events, East Siberian Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, ESI of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia.

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Axiological parametrization as a means of image of the future construal in discourse of glossy magazines

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DOI 10.51955/2312-1327_2023_4_116

Nadezhda N. Kazydub

Inessa E. Klamer

Abstract. The article presents the description of axiological parametrization as an instrument of the image of the future construal in glossy fashion magazines. The aim of the research is substantiated by the value society attaches to the image of the future, on the one hand, and the critical role of media in the modern world, on the other hand. It has been revealed, that in fashion magazines the image of the future takes the form of a trend as a cluster of axiological parameters. In the article three axiological parameters have been identified: brightness, innovation and creativity. The language representations of the image of the future axiological content and its pragmatic force have been described.

Key words: image of the future, social expectations, media communication, orientation potential, linguistic personality, discourse construction, discourse of glossy magazines, trend, linguistic culture.

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Teaching foreign language theory at university in the conditions of digital reality

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DOI 10.51955/2312-1327_2023_4_172

Ivan D. Kachurin

Abstract. The educational reality of modern university is constructed by two crucial factors: conceptual, associated with the change of educational paradigm, and organizational, reflected in the transition to the levels of education. The methodology of teaching foreign language theory is determined by the aforementioned factors. This study focuses on current issues of teaching linguo-theoretical courses and is meant to develop some elements of the methodological system in accordance with the educational realities of the modern university environment and the systematic, analytical and digital competence-based priorities of FSES 3++. The paper outlines the use of a digital linguistic system of German language – Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache (DWDS) – as a structured digital learning environment with a dictionary and corpora, supported by multilevel tools such as a word profile, concordance and corpora manager. DWDS components are validated of their potential in solving methodological problems of teaching foreign language theory. According to the identified methodological problems, some arguments pro incorporation of digital linguistic system (hereafter referred to as DLS) in teaching linguo-theoretical courses at university are provided. Based on the identified methodological problems, the Digital Linguistic System (hereinafter DLS) is considered as one of the possible solutions to methodological problems in teaching foreign language theory.

Key words: methodology, linguo-theoretical courses, FSES 3++, competencies, digital technologies, student-centred learning, corpora.

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Problems of mastering information technologies in the training of aviation industry specialists

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DOI 10.51955/2312-1327_2023_4_159

Nickolay B. Barchev

Abstract. The work is devoted to the analysis of actual problems arising during the mastering modern and promising information technologies in universities by future certified specialists of the aviation industry in the avionics system. This work notes the main negative consequences of such problems, which seriously complicate the independent practical activities of graduates of higher education in the field of information technology and in the sphere of software development. The work attempts to identify the most significant factors that lead to the emergence of these problems. Various aspects of the adverse influence of the identified factors on the process of training specialists and practical possibilities to compensate for the influence of these factors are considered in the material. The relevant recommendations are also given in this work. They can be used in the construction of curricula and in the formation of programs of disciplines of the information technology cycle.

Keywords: information technologies, aviation industry, software, life cycle, coding, programming language, curricula.

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