ΠšΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Π³ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ: 2.9. Transport systems

Selection and substantiation of parameters and performance indicators of the in- service inspection system of onboard aircraft equipment units

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DOI 10.51955/2312-1327_2022_4_70

Sergey V. Kuznetsov

Abstract. The in-service inspection (ISI) system of onboard equipment of civil aircraft provides management of technical operation processes. Its quality is manifested in the process of in-service inspection. The ISI involves determining the technical state of monitor objects at various stages of operation: in flight, during operational maintenance (pre-flight and post-flight check), during periodic maintenance, after removing the equipment from the aircraft. The analysis of the problem of forming and improving the ISI system for onboard equipment shows its complexity requiring a systematic approach based on the appropriate mathematical apparatus. The ISI is characterized by the inspection accuracy, i.e. a property of technical state inspection which determines the degree of display objectivity as a result of monitoring the actual technical state of a monitor object. As quantitative parameters and performance indicators of the ISI system for onboard equipment, the characteristics of the inspection accuracy serve. To determine them, rational sets of technical states and decisions about the technical states of onboard units were formed. Based on belonging to these sets, three groups of the inspection accuracy characteristics were identified. The first group consists of conditional probabilities of transitions in the in-service inspection for various types of control. The second group consists of unconditional probabilities of transitions in the in-service inspection for various types of control. The third group consists of a posteriori decision-making probabilities in the process of in-service inspection for various types of control. Analytical dependencies for calculating the inspection accuracy characteristics of the three groups for onboard units and the relationship between them were determined.

Key words: in-service inspection system, technical operation process, technical state, inspection accuracy, onboard equipment.

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On improving the efficiency of the training of engineering and technical personnel of radio equipment and radio communication services based on the method of computer emulation of radio equipment

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DOI 10.51955/2312-1327_2022_4_56

Stepan V. Shalupin

Eduard A. Bolelov

Vyacheslav V. Erokhin

Abstract. The quality of operation of objects of radio technical support for flights largely determines both their capabilities for air navigation support and the safety of flights of civil aviation aircraft. In turn, the quality of the work performed for the maintenance of facilities is determined by the level of professional training of the engineering and technical personnel of the services for the operation of radio technical flight support. The analysis of the personnel training system has shown that the forms of training have not changed much and still include lectures, group and practical classes, and exercises at real objects of radio technical support for flights. The methodological support of the implemented forms of training conducted in the training units is visual materials in the form of posters, dummies, interactive tools and layouts that do not provide dynamic filling of the studied methods of functioning and maintenance and repair of specific types of equipment. At the same time, for the personnel of the operation services, the skills and abilities of monitoring the technical condition and modes of operation of the objects of radio technical support for flights, diagnosing failures and technologies for carrying out maintenance work are especially important.

Radical changes in the system of training workers and increasing the effectiveness of this training can be achieved with the introduction of computer simulators based on the method of equipment emulation.

This article is devoted to the analysis of the training system for engineering and technical personnel of the services for the operation of radio equipment and communication facilities, the disclosure of its shortcomings and the consideration of the method of computer emulation of objects of radio technical support for flights, as the basis for building simulator systems.

Keywords: radio engineering support of flights, maintenance, engineering and technical personnel, advanced training, emulation, computer simulator.

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Implementation of multiple-level education in the professional training of specialists for airport emergency services

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DOI 10.51955/2312-1327_2022_4_17

Natalia N. Ivanskaia

Valerii A. Kuklev

Andrey V. Seleznev

Nikolay I. Nikolaykin

Abstract. The purpose of the article is to harmonize the professional training of bachelors and masters in the field of firefighting and rescue support for flights with the current regulatory frame-work governing the activities of rescuers in aviation. As a result, positions with the qualifications of “bachelor” and “master” were allocated in the organizational structure of the airport RFFS. The labor functions corresponding to them are determined; professional competencies and indicators of their achievement are formulated; the courses of the professional block of the curriculum for the preparation of bachelors and masters are proposed.

Keywords: rescue and firefighting, civil aviation, Federal State Educational Standard (FSES) 3++.

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Algorithm of applicability of statistical methods for control, regulation and prediction of output parameters of products

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DOI 10.51955/2312-1327_2022_4_6

Nikolai S. Khersonsky

Ludmila G. Bolshedvorskaya

Abstract. Logically, the article is a continuation of an earlier study devoted to determining the practical applicability of statistical methods for assessing the compliance of manufactured products with the requirements of regulatory documentation and reflects their application depending on the stages of the product life cycle. The results obtained suggest that the application of this method in various industries (aviation, mechanical engineering, shipbuilding, defense, etc.) will significantly improve the quality of finished products, as well as guarantee the operational performance of components manufactured by domestic manufacturers in the format of solving the problem of import substitution.

Key words: flight safety, import substitution, products, quality of finished products and components, non-conforming products.

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Parametric analysis of aerodynamic characteristics of the wig layout tandem schemes

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DOI 10.51955/2312-1327_2022_4_30

Sergey M. Krivel

Egor A. Galushko

Yuri F. Vshivkov

Abstract. The work is devoted to the study of aerodynamic characteristics of the WIG original layout and the assessment of influence of its geometric parameters on the aerodynamic characteristics. A brief overview of the history of synthesis of the investigated WIG scheme is presented. The aerodynamic layout is made according to the “tandem” scheme of two wings and a high-mounted stabilizer. The influence of kinematic flight parameters (angle of attack and distance to the underlying surface), deflection angles of aerodynamic surfaces (flaps and steering surfaces), the relative position of the wings, the presence and parameters of end washers and winglets on the WIG aerodynamic characteristics is investigated. The results of the work allow us to conclude that the deflection angles of aerodynamic surfaces have a significant effect on the values of aerodynamic coefficients and the value of aerodynamic quality. These effects can be used to control the WIG, improve or provide a number of flight characteristics. The most preferred parameters of the aerodynamic layout are evaluated in terms of ensuring the highest aerodynamic quality. A number of defining features of the flow around the proposed WIG scheme and its elements are identified and demonstrated in the work. The potential positive properties of the layout are highlighted, which can significantly affect the feasibility and effectiveness of the WIG as a design object.

Keywords: ekranoplan, aerodynamic ground-effect craft, aerodynamic characteristics, aerodynamic layout, layout parameters of the WIG, GEV (ground-effect vehicle), WIG (wing-in-ground-effect).

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The theorem of gaseous and liquid media vortex formation

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DOI 10.51955/2312-1327_2022_3_47

Nikolay V. Danilenko

Anton G. Kirenchev

Abstract. The object of research is vortex formation of gas (liquid) media. The state of the vortex formation issue is determined. The theoretical substantiation of the vortex formation problem is given. The kinematic essence of the gas-dynamic phenomenon of vortex formation is established. Its contradictions are revealed. The working process of vortex formation is established. Efficiency parameters and operating parameters are obtained. The place of vortex formation in the equation of conservation of the energy of gas motion is indicated. A set of factors for the generation of vortex activity of natural and man-made vortex formation has been established. A theorem on vortex formation is proposed. Its consequences and areas of practical application are outlined.

Keywords: vortex formation of gas (liquid) media, factors of generation and activation of vortex formation, workflow of gas (liquid) media, definition of vortex formation, vortex formation theorem, classification of vortex formation.

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Control of evaluating non-conforming products based on statistical methods

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DOI 10.51955/2312-1327_2022_3_33

Nikolai S. Khersonsky

Ludmila G. Bolshedvorskaya

Abstract. The purpose of this work is to determine the practical applicability of statistical methods for assessing the compliance of manufactured products with the requirements of regulatory documentation and substantiating the feasibility of strategic planning of their production range. The advantage of this study is the development of a universal algorithm for the system of applying statistical methods to control nonconforming products and reduce the number of defects caused by known and little-known causes. The reliability of the conclusions obtained is due to the results of experiments carried out as part of the technological process, the objects of which were cylindrical parts made by pressing from materials of various physical and chemical composition used in various industries: aviation, mechanical engineering, shipbuilding, defense, etc.Β 

Key words: statistical methods, quality of components, nonconforming products, requirements of regulatory documentation, flight safety.

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Logic-probabilistic modeling of hazardous situations in the investigation of aviation events

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DOI 10.51955/2312-1327_2022_3_6

Anatoly G. Guziy

Dmitry A. Shiryaev

Abstract. The article presents an original formalizable logical-probabilistic model for the development of hazardous situations in flight, the use of which contributes to the deepening of the analysis of flight safety as a state of the air transport system, covering all its components and interfaces directly or indirectly involved, the current state of which determines the risk of an accident in each specific flight.

It is shown that the effectiveness of measures to reduce the risk of aviation accidents (prevention of aviation events) within the framework of the civil aircraft flight safety management system is largely determined by the level of organization, depth and quality of the investigation of aviation events.

The developed model is essential for organizing the collection of data and recording the results of aviation events investigation, as well as hazard and risk factors that pose a threat to the safety of civil aircraft flights. It allows you to implement a systematic approach to the investigation of aviation accidents, aviation incidents and their prerequisites, providing coverage of all directly or indirectly involved components of the air transport system and interfaces, the current state of which determines the risk of an accident in each particular flight.

The collection and registration of the results of the investigation of aviation events, data on hazard and risk factors for flight safety within the framework of the state system for managing the safety of civil aircraft flights on the basis of the developed model contributes to the fulfillment of the requirements of international and national legislation by all participants in the flight safety management process.

Key words: flight safety, dangerous situations, hazard factors, accident prevention factors, probability of development of a dangerous flight situation, investigation of aviation events.

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Experimental test of the method for evaluating the functioning of automated systems on latest-generation aircraft

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DOI 10.51955/23121327_2022_3_20

Ivan Stanislavovich Murav’ev

Abstract. Modern automated aircraft is a system with high information value of its operation parameters. The motor skill of the pilot in the flight control modes using autopilot and auto-throttle remains untapped on such types of aircraft. This leads to a lack of information about the aircraft state in flight and increases the risk of an emergency. To solve this problem, the authors developed a new method that allows pilots to evaluate the functioning of complex control systems, based on the formation of an integrated skill in combining static and dynamic parameters from various sources of information located in the cockpit. This method is based on a mathematical model for assessing the effectiveness of the operator’s activities and allows developing a methodology for training pilots to assess the functioning of automated aircraft systems and the state of the aircraft itself in flight.

The method consists in the fact that when performing a flight in the semi-automatic control mode, the pilot must partially replace the autopilot with manual piloting. By executing the commands set on the flight mode control panel, the pilot is partially dependent on the operating conditions of the automatics involved in operation. The theoretical calculation shows that the flight should be divided into specific stages, and the parameters of the information sources presented to the pilot in flight should be divided into static and dynamic ones. When training, it is necessary to stepwise increase the information load on the pilot through the static parameters of the information sources, requiring the student to withstand them by influencing the dynamic parameters. It is also necessary to gradually change the level of automation of the piloting mode.

The results of the experiment made it possible to determine that the participants of the experimental group were 24% more effective in performing the flight when moving from a flight with a high degree of automation to a flight with a minimum degree of automation. The processing of the experiment results showed that using the proposed preparation method when evaluating the functioning of automated aircraft systems provided the statistically significant efficiency.

Keywords: information, efficiency, evaluation of functioning, piloting, method, experiment.

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About the legitimacy of the technical operation process description by semi-markov models in relation to the aircraft fleet

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DOI 10.51955/23121327_2022_2_34

Sergey S. Trishin

Evgeniya A. Achkasova

Oksana G. Boiko

Galina A. Isheeva

Abstract. The authors studied the time the Mi-8T Mi8-MTV aircraft spent in the states of technical operation. The statistical data of the operating airline of JSC “Norilsk Avia” were used. Statistical distribution laws are formalized for each time series of variations. The conformity of the theoretical and obtained statistical laws of time distribution according to the Pearson criterion has been verified. It is confirmed that the process of technical operation of aircraft in practical tasks can be considered as a semi-Markov one.

Keywords: semi-Markov process, time spent in the process state, statistical data processing, exponential distribution, technical operation of aircraft, integral distribution function.

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