Категория: 2.9. Transport systems

Suggestions for organizing the transportation of leaftea from India to St. Petersburg

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DOI 10.51955/2312-1327_2021_2_24

Sergei V. Ugolkov

Nikolai N. Maiorov

Abstract. The article provides general information about tea products, their nutritional properties, requirements for their transportation, types of packaging and labeling. The characteristics of the rolling stock used in the transportation of tea products by road, sea and rail modes of transport are given. Routes for transportation have been developed, tariff payments for transportation by means of transport have been calculated, and the time of cargo delivery has been calculated. Based on the data obtained, the most rational transportation option was selected.

Key words: tea products, plantations, routes, transportation organization, loading technology, tariff payments, vehicle.

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Comparison of the results of application of methods for solving the transportation problem of linear programming

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DOI 10.51955/2312-1327_2021_2_6

Roxana E. Shipitsyna

Evgeny E. Vitvitsky

Abstract. The article discusses one of the methods of optimizing the transportation planning – a transport linear programming problem. The main methods for finding the reference plan for loaded riders and the optimal plan for solving it are listed. A formal mathematical model and a system of transport problem constraints are presented. A conceptual mathematical model is built on the basis of a formal mathematical model. An example of solving this problem is given: the reference plan of loaded riders was created with the use of the “north-west corner” method, the optimal plan for the return of empty vehicles with the use of the distribution method. Comparison of the results of application of methods for solving the transport problem of linear programming was carried out: comparison of the reference plans obtained with the use of the least-cost and north-west corner methods, comparison of the optimal plans for the return of empty cars obtained with the use of potential and distribution methods. Comparison criteria selected were the number of iterations, labor intensity, the result. Based on this, it was established that the obtained optimal plan for the return of empty cars is the same; according to other comparison criteria, there are a number of differences.

Keywords: linear programming transport problem, mathematical model, baseline plan, optimal plan, solution methods, north-west corner method, minimum-element (least-cost) method, distribution method, potential method.

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Methodology and algorithm of identifying aerobatic maneuvres in software implementation of assessment of piloting technique quality

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DOI 10.51955/2312-1327_2021_1_44

Pavel S. Nazarov

Sergey A. Kudriakov

Vladimir V. Ustinov

Abstract. The authors propose an algorithm of identifying maneuvers and characteristic points on their flightpaths for software implementation of algorithms for assessing the flight crew’s proficiency level according to information of flight data recorders and processing of the recorded information of flight parameters by ground-based devices for processing flight information such as Topaz-M.  

Key words: programs of flight training, image recognition, software implementations of algorithms for assessing piloting technique.

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Analysis of problems arising during the flight on four-dimensional navigation routes in civil aviation and determining the basic ways of their solution

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DOI 10.51955/2312-1327_2021_1_37

Alexander Sergeevich Budkov

Abstract. The work is devoted to the analysis of problems during the flight on four-dimensional navigation routes in civil aviation, determining the minimum necessary requirements for a decision support system that would provide a solution to these problems, as well as developing a methodology for searching an optimal four-dimensional route.

Key words: civil aircraft, four-dimensional navigation, flight management system, decision support system.

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Analysis of avionics automation verification means used in the modern civil aircraft development

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DOI 10.51955/2312-1327_2021_1_30

Sergei Alexandrovich Diachenko

Artem Sergeevich Savelev

Abstract. The paper describes the analysis results of the existing automated means used in civil aircraft avionics verification. The main solutions on the market and their advantages, disadvantages are considered. Based on the analysis results, it is found that a promising direction in this type of means development is to provide testing automation of graphic and aural information within the hardware-in-loop verification (including bench tests). The task is relevant not only for the aviation industry, but also for any technical objects using a human-machine interface (space industry, automotive, shipbuilding, etc.).

Key words: analysis, automation, verification, software, civil aircraft, avionics, computer-aided design system, flight safety.

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Concerning the geometric visualization of particle motion in space and time on the example of air traffic

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DOI 10.51955/2312-1327_2021_1_6

Aleksandr P. Plyasovskikh

Abstract. The article presents a new original method of geometric visualization of particle (or aircraft) motion in space and time. The urgency of the proposed method stems from disadvantages of the traditional method of presenting the motion in space-time having as one of its coordinates the   time which is independent on spatial coordinates. In this space-time, the concept of distance between two points is not defined, the concepts of angle, triangle, geometric figures are not defined as well, it does not allow Euclidian geometry to be used. The author proposes the use of four-dimensional Euclidian space with the fourth axis z = bt where b is a speed constant, t is time, for presenting the motion of a particle (aircraft) in space and time. The particle (aircraft) motion presented with the use of the space proposed by the author is a visualized one, the track makes geometric sense of a Euclidian geometry line. The examples of presenting the four-dimensional motion of an aircraft along its route are given, the concept of four-dimensional corridor of aircraft motion is defined. It is shown that the proposed method could be used for description and research of particle (aircraft) motion in space and time. The method opens up a new direction of research of particles and other material objects moving in space and time with the use of multi-dimensional, in particular, four-dimensional geometry. The importance of the approach proposed in the article is that it opens new directions of scientific research in such sciences as physics (not relativistic mechanics), navigation and air traffic control, space mechanics and many other sciences in which processes of motion of different objects in space and time are researched. The author is going to continue publishing the results obtained due to the proposed method which are not included in the present paper because of space limitations.

Key words: air traffic control, 4D trajectory, 4D space, material particle, multidimensional geometry, space-time.

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Development of methodology for managing the information field inside the cockpit onboard a civil airplane

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Ivanov A. S.

Neretin E. S.

The authors proposed a methodology for managing the information field inside the cockpit onboard a civil airplane which allows the crew’s workload to be reduced due to applying a unified approach to controlling all indication elements. 

Key words: civil airplane, cockpit, ergonomics, onboard equipment.

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Methods of calculation of weight coefficients at implementation of level estimation algorithms of flight school cadets training

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Nazarov P. S.

Ustinov V. V.

The methods and algorithms of calculation of weight coefficients used for estimation of training level of flight school cadets with account of the number of exercises and quality of their performance are offered. Weight coefficients of significance of flight parameters included in the algorithm of estimation of piloting technique and significance of flight elements included in the given exercise are considered.

Keywords: flight safety, flight crew training, weight coefficients of alternative significance.

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The Earth’s vortex field and its application areas

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Danilenko N. V.

The article deals with the issues of circulation of the Earth’s environments in the area of its rotation relative to pole axis NS. The research of circulation of the Earth’s environments is based on the Biot-Savart law in its simplest form on the basis of an infinitely long vortex which has found wide application in airfoil aerodynamics, gas dynamics and in hydrodynamics. When applying the Biot-Savart law to the Earth’s material environments in its daily rotation we found a dependence of circulation of speed Г of the elementary particle under study with its relative height (depth) ±Н relative to the Earth’s averaged surface and geographical latitude.  The essence of this dependence is presented in a mathematical expression of physical parameters of our planet. The obtained intensity of circulation of speed Г of the Earth’s environments is converted in non-dimensional criterial parameters.  On their basis the vortex characteristics for the Earth’s environments are proposed. Their classification is given.  The authors developed a package of consequences of the vortex characteristics and proposed a working process of little known vortex phenomena of geophysics in terms of vortex dynamics of freely balanced environments of a planet of “Earth” type. The consequences of the vortex characteristics of the Earth’s environments and peculiarities of the working process of geophysical phenomena on the Sun are proposed.

Keywords: daily rotation, circulation of the Earth’s environments, vortex characteristics, consequences of the vortex characteristics of the Earth’s environments.

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Development of an algorithm for constructing the process of training of inspectors on surveillance of safety of air transport by means of simulation of specific tasks and practical tasks

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Bolshedvorskaya L.G.

The aim of the work is to develop an algorithm for the training process for safety oversight  inspectors through modeling specific tasks and practical tasks. The complexity of solving the problem aimed at achieving this goal is that in the course of developing a learning algorithm, information, in terms of goals, areas and criteria for assessing competencies and information reflecting the types of operational activities, should be described using appropriate mathematical models with a high degree of reliability. The general approach to the development of an algorithm is the presence of the following procedures:

  • setting training standards, including the frequency for each type of training;
  • conducting initial theoretical training for specific tasks;
  • consolidation of theoretical knowledge by performing practical tasks;
  • assessing the effectiveness of the training system.

Key word: expert systems, safety inspectors, task modeling.

*Publication was prepared within the framework of project No. 19-08-00028, supported by a grant from the Russian Foundation for Fundamental Research (RFFI).

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