Категория: 2.9. Transport systems

Experimental study of the distribution laws of output signals of microelectromechanical navigation sensors of an unmanned aerial vehicle

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DOI 10.51955/23121327_2022_1_101

Andrei A. Sanko

Aliaksey A. Sheynikov

Gafur Sh. Tuganov

Abstract. The article presents the results of studies of distribution laws of output signals of microelectromechanical sensors used for platformless inertial navigation systems (INS) installed on lightweight unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV). As object of study, the GY-91 sensor was used which is made with the use of microelectromechanical technology and has an inertial measuring unit consisting of three elements located orthogonally: a turn meter, an accelerometer, a magnetometer and a single-channel barometer. Formulas for approximating the mean square deviations of overload, pitch angle and angular velocity indications for various test conditions are given. It is recommended to use the obtained dependences when calibrating accelerometers and angular velocity sensors. Recommendations on the use of different filtering methods depending on the distribution laws of the output parameters of the sensor are given. Various filters used for platformless INS sensors, such as the Kalman filter, the median filter, the AB filter and the complementary filter, are considered. A comparative analysis of algorithms for filtering the output signals of microelectromechanical sensors according to the value of signal-to-noise ratio for an aircraft-type UAV at different propeller speeds was performed. Recommendations are given on the use of the obtained research results for the algorithmic support of lightweight UAV navigation systems.

Key words: sensors, gyroscope, accelerometer, errors, distribution law.

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Role and place of cognitive information converters of pilot activity algorithms in the process of control of highly automated aircraft

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DOI 10.51955/23121327_2022_1_18

Ivan S. Muravyev

Abstract. When flying in automatic mode, the pilot is outside the manual control loop and functions as an operator in the system. Congestion of the visual channel of perception of information coming to the pilot, the need to intervene in control through the influence of the pilot on the program of operation of the aircraft, and not through controls, leads to a change in the operational field of activity of pilots. To develop new piloting skills as part of the operator’s duties as a pilot, a different critical view of research in this area is needed.

Keywords: activity algorithm, information, analysis, consistency, manageability, transformation.

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Problems of learning the flight operation manual while developing knowledge and skills of fighter aviation cadets concerning the actions in emergencies during the flight

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DOI 10.51955/23121327_2022_1_37

Nikolay A. Kupriyanov

Sergey A. Proshkin

Sergey V. Stadnik

Pavel D. Solodovnik

Abstract. The article deals with the results of the study of mastering quality and accuracy of actions in emergencies during the flight by the fighter aviation cadets while flying the YAK-130. The examples demonstrating visually the impact of registration and interpretation of some material relating to “The flight operation manual” on the process of knowledge and skills formation have been examined. “A tree of problems” giving an opportunity to join the interpretation of emergencies during the flight to safety of flights consequently on an example of “The flight operation manual” learning has been synthesized. The obtained results of the research allowed us to formulate the recommendations on improving “The flight operation manual”. The statistical estimates of applying the described recommendations while developing knowledge and skills of fighter aviation cadets concerning the actions in emergencies during the flight are presented.

Key words: human factor, flight crew, flight, failure, emergency, mental stability.

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Analysis of methods for evaluation of the irregularities changing of the aerodrome pavement in the Far North and the Arctic

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DOI 10.51955/23121327_2022_1_6

Viktor M. Rukhlinsky

Lyudmila G. Bolshedvorskaya

Shamil F. Ganiev

Abstract. The present article emphasizes that when managing risks to ensure the safety of the operator’s flights, hazard factors due to the occurrence of uneven runways of aerodromes located in conditions with extreme climatic conditions are of great importance. In this regard, the relevance of the research topic is due to the lack of research on existing methods and algorithms for assessing the roughness of airfield pavements in order to reduce their negative impact on aircraft operating in the Far North and the Arctic.

Key words: risk management, runway, airfield roughness.

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The methodology, algorithm and criterion of quantitative evaluation of the quality of the landing approach maneuver and landing of a medium-haul aircraft according to the data of objective control means

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DOI 10.51955/23121327_2022_1_51

Vladimir V. Ustinov

Viktor V. Kashkovsky

Lusine G.Chobanyan

Abstract. The paper proposes methods and algorithms for evaluating the piloting technique of a medium-haul aircraft at the stage of the landing approach maneuver and landing itself, considering the weighting coefficients of the significance of the flight parameters and the stages of the maneuver.

The paper aims to reduce labor costs for processing flight information, eliminate subjectivity and increase the reliability of the results of the evaluation of the quality of aircraft piloting techniques by the pilot within the existing system of objective control of civil aviation of the Russian Federation.

The novelty of the paper is in the development of a complex criterion for evaluating the quality of aircraft piloting techniques by the pilot. The development of algorithms and programs for calculating the weighting coefficients of the significance of each parameter and the stages of the flight task element, the correlation of parameters, qualitative or quantitative evaluation of the flight tasks performed are taken into account.

Thus, the expediency of developing and implementing a separate software module for a ground-based flight information processing complex of the «Topaz-M» type has been determined.

Key words: flight safety, piloting techniques, the normal law of distribution of random variables, weight coefficients.

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The way to improve eco-friendliness of the aviation turboshaft engine

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DOI 10.51955/2312-1327_2022_1_73

Sergey V. Skorobogatov

Dmitry V. Vostretsov

Abstract. Aircraft flight is the main operation of any airline. To ensure competitiveness and good economical indices the flight time should be considerably longer than the total time an airplane spends on the ground. Aircraft flight is provided by a power plant, which is based on heat engines – heat machines that convert heat energy into effective mechanical work. The heat additive to the operating fluid in such engines nearly always occurs by means of hydrocarbon fuel (kerosene or aviation gasoline) combustion. While burning, the combustion products are released, some of which cause significant harm to the environment. Increasing environmental friendliness is an actual task today, and non-compliance of engines with ICAO standards on hazardous emissions limits the domestic aircraft sales and exploitation abroad. In this regard, the search for ways to improve the environmental performance of aircraft engines is a priority for the aviation industry.

Key words: combustion chamber, aviation gas-turbine engine, emissions of harmful substances, environmental friendliness.

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The experience of using GNSS software-defined recievers

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DOI 10.51955/23121327_2022_1_88

Roman O. Arefyev

Oleg N. Skrypnik

Natalya G. Arefyeva (Astrakhanceva)

Abstract. The paper describes the experience of using software-defined receivers for receiving signals from GPS and Beidou navigation satellites. The peculiarities of the GNSS SDR platform and implementation of the satellite navigation system receivers on its basis were considered. The structure of the GNSS SDR flow graph with description of the functional capacity of each block was shown. As an RF part of the receiver, a HackRF platform with an active antenna and Temperature Controlled Crystal Oscillator was used. The receiver was tested with help of the SN-3803M simulator radiating GPS signals. The dependences of the time required for position-fixing and the number of the navigational satellites which provide tracking on the given false alarm probability were obtained experimentally.

Through natural experiments the authors compared the performance (number of tracking satellites, positioning accuracy, dilution of precision) of the SDR-receiver and ATGM336H portable receiver applied to the GPS and Beidou systems. The main features of the receivers operation were identified and analyzed.

Keywords: GPS, SDR, Beidou, software-defined receiver, dilution of precision, positioning accuracy.

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Peculiarities of using a mobile pseudolite for increase of positioning accuracy on aircraft landing *

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DOI 10.51955/2312-1327_2021_3_14

Oleg Nikolaevich Skrypnik

Roman Olegovich Arefyev

Natalya Gennadyvna Arefyeva (Astrakhanceva)

Tatyana Yuryevna Portnova

Abstract. The authors study accuracy characteristics (dilution of preсision) of an integrated navigation-and-time field in the terminal area created by GLONASS with its mobile pseudolite augmentation. A mobile pseudolite is placed onboard an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). The purpose of the article is optimization of UAV flight path which will provide the best aircraft positioning accuracy. The problem of finding an optimal track for the UAV was solved using Hooke-Jeeves method for an aircraft approaching along a flexible track. The article presents the results of the conducted experiments as the UAV optimal flight paths and their charts built according to DOP values for cases of using stationary and mobile pseudolites. Practical recommendations on the choice of optimization criteria are given, and the conditions for using a mobile pseudolite placed on board an unmanned aerial vehicle are determined.

Keywords: pseudolite, mobile pseudolite, unmanned aerial vehicle, Position Dilution of Precision, GLONASS, optimization of flight trajectory, integrated navigation and time field.

* This work was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (Grant No. 19-08- 00010 A).

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On the issue of automated dispatching control of passenger road transport

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DOI 10.51955/2312-1327_2021_3_27

Nikolai A. Ponomarev

Abstract. The article deals with some theoretical foundations, regulatory legal acts concerning aspects of functioning of an automated control system. The article describes some aspects of operation of the current automated dispatch control system in the city of Omsk and the Omsk region. The characteristics of the served route network in municipal and inter-municipal communication are given. The main parties and their relationships involved in the operation of the automated dispatching control system are described. The article presents some aspects that arise in the context of implementation of state and municipal contracts for regular passenger and baggage transportation on regular transportation routes in the city of Omsk and the Omsk region in accordance with Federal Law No. 44-FZ. The aspects reflecting the practical experience of operation in accordance with the composition of the automated dispatching control system are presented. The article also describes some aspects that arise during the operation of on-board navigation and communication terminals, software, dispatching support for regular traffic, the functioning of communications and information transmission systems, informing passengers about the process of regular traffic. Aspects of functioning of the automated fare payment system, regulatory legal acts regulating the issues of fare payment on the territory of the city of Omsk are considered. The equipment that ensures functioning of these systems is considered.

Keywords: automated, dispatching, management, passenger, automobile, transportation.

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Development of a mechanism for assessing the performance and efficiency of application of expert systems*

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DOI 10.51955/2312-1327_2021_3_6

Ljudmila G. Bolshedvorskaya

Nikolaj Dmitrievich Koryagin

Abstract. The availability of IT educational resources for obtaining new and additional professional knowledge has become increasingly relevant in recent years. This is due to the fact that the use of expert systems opens up a series of advantages: expansion of geographical and temporal possibilities; unlimited availability; increasing the intensity of training; optimization of the acquisition and transfer of knowledge. At the same time, there is an urgent need to assess the effectiveness and efficiency of expert systems when assessing the level of qualifications of specialists who ensure flight safety (FS) in civil aviation. Currently, depending on the field of activity, the concepts of efficiency and effectiveness are interpreted in different ways. More often than not, performance reflects the degree to which a planned result has been achieved. Efficiency is the comparison of the result with the cost of achieving it. The practice of using points and ratings to assess the training of safety oversight inspectors in the format of using expert systems, as shown by the results of a previous study, reflects only the effectiveness and does not provide an opportunity to compare the learning processes from the standpoint of the effectiveness of their implementation. In this regard, the purpose of this work is to develop a new evaluation mechanism that combines the effectiveness and efficiency of the use of expert systems. This explains the relevance of the presented work.

Key words: competence, civil aviation, expert systems.

*Publication was prepared within the framework of project No. 19-08-00028, supported by a grant from the Russian Foundation for Fundamental Research (RFFI).

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