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Pilot age and injuries in aviation

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DOI 10.51955/2312-1327_2024_1_24

Nikolay I. Nikolaykin

Elena Ed. Sigaleva

Alexandra L. Rybalkina

Olga B. Pasekova

Abstract. The results of an analysis of the influence of pilot age on injury statistics in civil aviation are described. The proportion of aviation accidents caused by human actions remains the same and even tends to increase. Workers continue to get injured during ground handling operations for aircraft. The authors’ assessment of the various risk factors contribution to ongoing negative events confirms the human factor prevalence. Statistics on the activities of civil aviation was analyzed. Examples of aviation accidents involving general aviation aircraft and medical aircraft transporting patients who required emergency medical care were considered.

It has been shown that there is a peak in the aviation accidents for pilots aged 50-59 years, and this peak is observed among experienced pilots with more than 5,000 hours of flight time. For pilots aged 40-49 years, half of the accidents occurred among aircraft commanders with 1,000 … 5,000 hours of flight time, and about one third among pilots with less than 500 hours of flight time.

It was revealed that for domestic general aviation in 2020, the main causes of aviation accidents were such elements of human factor as piloting errors associated with deficiencies in training and little flight experience; loss of spatial orientation in weather conditions that do not comply with visual flight rules, when the underlying surface is white, when caught in a snow whirlwind, as well as a collision with power line wires.

Keywords: aviation, flight safety, industrial safety, human factor, pilot age.

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Sigaleva Elena Eduardovna

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E–mail: sigaleva@mail.ru

Place of work: Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

Post: Leading Researcher; Head of the Clinical and Physiological Research and Expertise Department

Academic degree: Doctor of Sciences in Medicine

Academic status: Russian Academy of Sciences Professor

Specialty from nomenclature of scientific specialties (Code of Higher Attestation Commission):  03.14.08 – Aviation, space and marine medicine; 08.31.64 – Audiology-otorhinolaryngology

Scientific major: space physiology, physiology and pathology of the auditory and vestibular system, otorhinolaryngology, otoneurology. 

Important publications:

  1. Sigaleva E. E. Prospects for Using the Metod of Breathing Normoxic Argon/Oxygen Gas Mixture for Purposes of Noise Otorprotection / E. E. Sigaleva, L. Yu. Marchenco, O. B. Pasekova [et al.] // Aerospace and Environmental Medicine. – 2023. – Vol. 57, № 2. – Pp. 65-73. – DOI: 10.21687/0233-528X-2023-57-2-65-73. – EDN FNIRSM.
  2. Sigaleva E. E. Noise “non-auditory” effects on the human body / E. E. Sigaleva, O. B. Pasekova, N.V. Degterenkova [et al.] // Human physiology. – 2023. – Vol. 49, № 6. – Pp. 76-83. DOI 10.31857/S0131164622600677. – EDN XBKQPU.

Pasekova Olga Borisovna

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E–mail: obp1710@gmail.com

Place of work: Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

Post: senior researcher at the Clinical and Physiological Research and Expertise Department

Specialty from nomenclature of scientific specialties (Code of Higher Attestation Commission):  03.14.08 – Aviation, space and marine medicine

Scientific major: space physiology, central nervous system and sensory organs physiology in extreme conditions. 

Important publications:

  1. Pasekova O. B. Otoacoustic Emission Testing in 21-day Dry Immertion as Prospects for Intracranial Pressure Monitoring / O. B. Pasekova, E. E. Sigaleva, L. Yu. Marchenco [et al.] // Sensory systems. – 2022. – Vol. 36, № 4. – Pp. 338-348. – DOI: 10.31857/S0235009222040059 – EDN: CUNZZE
  2. Sigaleva E. E. Noise “non-auditory” effects on the human body / E. E. Sigaleva, O. B. Pasekova, N.V. Degterenkova [et al.] // Human physiology. – 2023. – Vol. 49, № 6. – Pp. 76-83. 

Analysis of development of statistical methods for reliability assessment as quality properties of facilities and products

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DOI 10.51955/2312-1327_2024_1_6

Nikolai S. Khersonsky

Ludmila G. Bolshedvorskaya 

Abstract. Reliability is the most important characteristics of any object or product, since it is always important that what the supplier offers and supplies is of high quality not only at the time of purchase, but during the entire period of use. Currently, for the aviation and aerospace industries, for the military-industrial complex, the reliability of products is of particular relevance. This article provides an overview of scientific achievements in the field of reliability of technical facilities and products. Of course, this review is not overall. However, the consideration reflects a significant part of books, monographs and other fundamental materials that have not lost their relevance to the present. The results of the study are a kind of guide to the labyrinth of the most difficult problems of solving reliability problems and methods that can be used to solve them.

Keywords: reliability methods, product quality, objects of aviation, aerospace industries, military-industrial complex.

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Approaches to design and practice of unmanned aerial vehicles of the airplane type

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DOI 10.51955/2312-1327_2023_4_78

Sergey V. Skorobogatov

Dmitry A. Buturov

Abstract. Nowadays unmanned aviation has found wide application in many fields of human activity. Over the last two decades, such technology has moved from the category of military or experimental exotics to something applied and ubiquitous. Occupying more and more new spheres, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) get all the new functions. For their implementation the designers often take quite bold decisions, which are rare in the «big» manned aviation. The article examines the current state of the civilian airplane-type UAVs industry in terms of their design features, as well as the specifics of their application in various sectors of the economy. The authors analyse the principles underlying the choice of this or that aerodynamic scheme of a UAVs on the process of its design. In the context of possible UAVs application scenarios the advantages and disadvantages as well as limitations of a particular UAVs airframe layout, applied engine unit and construction materials are under consideration. Based on a summary of the parameters analysed, it stands out a number of classification features, which can be used as a basis for a comprehensive classification of a wide range of unmanned civil aviation.

Keywords: unmanned aircraft, unmanned aviation system, UAV, UAS, drone, classification, aerodynamic layout, application features, industry analysis.

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Buturov Dmitry Alexandrovich

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E–mail: dimabutur345@gmail.com

Place of work: Irkutsk Branch of Moscow State Technical University of Civil Aviation, Irkutsk, Russia

Post: lecturer

Place of study: Irkutsk National Research Technical University, Irkutsk, Russia

Status: master’s student

Scientific major: fluid dynamics, computational fluid dynamics in applied problems, VTOL unmanned aviation vehicle. 

Important publications:

  1. Skorobogatov S. V. Approaches to design and practice of unmanned aerial vehicles of the airplane type / S. V. Skorobogatov, D. A. Buturov // Crede Experto: transport, society, education, language. – 2023. – № 4. – P. 78-115.

Concerning the aberration law application in radio navigation and aircraft surveillance

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DOI 10.51955/2312-1327_2023_4_63

Evgeny A. Rubtsov

Abstract. The author analyzes the potential use of the aberration law which describes the deviation of measured parameters of an observed object as it changes its position relative to the observer. The law was studied in terms of its application in radio navigation and aircraft surveillance. During research the author obtained dependences of deviations of observable and real (true) characteristics of an observed object for such aids of radio-technical support of flights as a primary radar, distance measuring equipment (DME) and a ground station of automatic dependent surveillance. In doing so, the speed of the observed object was set equal to 250 m/s (typical for existing airplanes) and 600 m/s (specific for perspective supersonic airplanes). It follows from the calculations that the aberration effect cannot be detected for determining slant range or pulse duration tasks due to the imperfection of the existing measuring instruments. However, the aberration effect can be detected in the tasks of determining the time interval between probing pulses of the primary radar or automatic dependent surveillance messages, as well as in the determination of the frequency of the DME signal. This is achieved due to a sufficiently large dynamic range of the measured values. For the method of evaluating the aberration effect given in the paper the author performed estimation of the sensitivity to the errors of the measured value and the velocity of the observed object. The research confirmed possibility to apply the law of aberration in practice for radio navigation aids and aircraft surveillance, which can increase accuracy of position-fixing and determination of aircraft movement parameters as well as to expand capabilities of the available equipment.

 Key words: aberration, true parameters, observed parameters, radio navigation aids, aircraft surveillance aids.

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Using the TDOA method for validation of broadcast automatic dependent surveillance

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DOI 10.51955/2312-1327_2023_4_50

Alexander P. Plyasovskih

Artem V. Koposov

Vladislav Yu. Davidenko

Abstract. The paper considers the possibility of using the Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA) method, which can be applied to confirm the reliability of information coming from multiple sources. TDOA method can be applied to validate the information received from several ground automatic dependent surveillance stations of broadcast type (ADS-B). The paper is aimed at studying the TDOA method and its application to ADS-B stations. This method makes it possible to use the ADS-B as the only means of surveillance at the airfield. Currently, according to ICAO recommendations, ADS-B stations are not allowed to be used as a stand-alone surveillance aid due to the problems related to the possibility of distorting a signal or introducing some false information into messages, so the operation of this type of stations is possible only together with other means of surveillance, such as multi-position surveillance systems (MLAT) or secondary surveillance radar systems (SSR) thus increasing the cost of organizing surveillance on the airfield. Thus, the relevance of the work is related to the need to find an alternative method of confirming the validity of an ADS-B message.

Key words: ADS-B, validation, spoofing, time difference, hyperbole.

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Koposov Artem Vadimovich

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E–mail: a.kop33@mail.ru

Place of study: St. Petersburg State University of Civil Aviation named after Air Chief Marshal A.A. Novikov, Saint Petersburg, Russia

Status: postgraduate student of Department of Organization and Management in Transport Systems, St.Petersburg. St. Petersburg.

Scientific major: airfield surveillance and control system.

Important publications:

Abdul’manov T. M. An experiment to measure the observed rate of a moving clock / T. M. Abdul’manov, YE. A. Antokhin, A. V. Koposov [et al.] // Automatics & Software Enginery. – 2022. – № 4(42). P. 41-47. EDN CSHNNP.

Critical thinking of “digital natives” generation

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DOI 10.51955/2312-1327_2023_4_211 

Anna Y. Veretennikova

Abstract. The main question presented in this paper is “Is critical thinking typical for the current generation of young people, the so-called “digital natives”? Having considered the views of researchers on the term “critical thinking”, the author’s definition is given as “a system of mental states, processes aimed at developing an assessment.” It is emphasized that the theories of the activity approach and evaluation activities can be the basis for studying this aspect. It is noted that, despite the declaration of mandatory work on the formation of this type of thinking among students at all levels of national education, the study of the judgments of representatives of the generation of “digital natives” from the point of view of critical thinking revealed a weak degree of understanding of the relevance, essence of this type of thinking, and also, in most cases, the lack of skills in its operations. It is emphasized that clip perception, characteristic of the modern generation of young people, hinders the development of critical thinking. Based on the study, a conclusion is made about the need for targeted educational work with an emphasis on the development of students’ critical thinking. Some methods of work are given.

Keywords: D. Dewey, critical thinking, clip perception, digital natives, evaluation activity, Socratic dialogues.

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