ΠšΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Π³ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ: Aeronautics

Analytical study of the ionosphere influence on energy relations in satellite communication systems by the methods of physical plasma kinetics

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DOIΒ 10.51955/2312-1327_2023_1_98

Dmitry Vladimirovich Khazanov

Boris Valentinovich Lezhankin

Vyacheslav Vladimirovich Erokhin

Abstract. In civil aviation, an urgent and important task is to provide air traffic participants with uninterrupted radio communication. Satellite communication is a global mobile network covering the entire surface of the Earth, including polar regions, which provides a two-way data and voice communication exchange. An analysis of the principles of functioning of satellite communication systems (SCS) showed that the determination of energy characteristics is of great importance. Energy characteristics in satellite communication channels and the level of interference determine SCS operational capabilities and quality indicators. One of the critical factors that determine the effectiveness of the SCS functioning is the conditions for the propagation and absorption of radio waves, including ionospheric phenomena, which are not yet fully understood, and this determines the research relevance.

This article is devoted to theoretical studies of the ionospheric plasma by the methods of physical kinetics to increase the energy potential of the radio links of a satellite communication system.

Keywords: physical plasma kinetics, energy relations, satellite communication systems, Maxwell distribution function, ionospheric phenomena.

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Selection and substantiation of parameters and performance indicators of the in- service inspection system of onboard aircraft equipment units

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DOI 10.51955/2312-1327_2022_4_70

Sergey V. Kuznetsov

Abstract. The in-service inspection (ISI) system of onboard equipment of civil aircraft provides management of technical operation processes. Its quality is manifested in the process of in-service inspection. The ISI involves determining the technical state of monitor objects at various stages of operation: in flight, during operational maintenance (pre-flight and post-flight check), during periodic maintenance, after removing the equipment from the aircraft. The analysis of the problem of forming and improving the ISI system for onboard equipment shows its complexity requiring a systematic approach based on the appropriate mathematical apparatus. The ISI is characterized by the inspection accuracy, i.e. a property of technical state inspection which determines the degree of display objectivity as a result of monitoring the actual technical state of a monitor object. As quantitative parameters and performance indicators of the ISI system for onboard equipment, the characteristics of the inspection accuracy serve. To determine them, rational sets of technical states and decisions about the technical states of onboard units were formed. Based on belonging to these sets, three groups of the inspection accuracy characteristics were identified. The first group consists of conditional probabilities of transitions in the in-service inspection for various types of control. The second group consists of unconditional probabilities of transitions in the in-service inspection for various types of control. The third group consists of a posteriori decision-making probabilities in the process of in-service inspection for various types of control. Analytical dependencies for calculating the inspection accuracy characteristics of the three groups for onboard units and the relationship between them were determined.

Key words: in-service inspection system, technical operation process, technical state, inspection accuracy, onboard equipment.

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On improving the efficiency of the training of engineering and technical personnel of radio equipment and radio communication services based on the method of computer emulation of radio equipment

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DOI 10.51955/2312-1327_2022_4_56

Stepan V. Shalupin

Eduard A. Bolelov

Vyacheslav V. Erokhin

Abstract. The quality of operation of objects of radio technical support for flights largely determines both their capabilities for air navigation support and the safety of flights of civil aviation aircraft. In turn, the quality of the work performed for the maintenance of facilities is determined by the level of professional training of the engineering and technical personnel of the services for the operation of radio technical flight support. The analysis of the personnel training system has shown that the forms of training have not changed much and still include lectures, group and practical classes, and exercises at real objects of radio technical support for flights. The methodological support of the implemented forms of training conducted in the training units is visual materials in the form of posters, dummies, interactive tools and layouts that do not provide dynamic filling of the studied methods of functioning and maintenance and repair of specific types of equipment. At the same time, for the personnel of the operation services, the skills and abilities of monitoring the technical condition and modes of operation of the objects of radio technical support for flights, diagnosing failures and technologies for carrying out maintenance work are especially important.

Radical changes in the system of training workers and increasing the effectiveness of this training can be achieved with the introduction of computer simulators based on the method of equipment emulation.

This article is devoted to the analysis of the training system for engineering and technical personnel of the services for the operation of radio equipment and communication facilities, the disclosure of its shortcomings and the consideration of the method of computer emulation of objects of radio technical support for flights, as the basis for building simulator systems.

Keywords: radio engineering support of flights, maintenance, engineering and technical personnel, advanced training, emulation, computer simulator.

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Parametric analysis of aerodynamic characteristics of the wig layout tandem schemes

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DOI 10.51955/2312-1327_2022_4_30

Sergey M. Krivel

Egor A. Galushko

Yuri F. Vshivkov

Abstract. The work is devoted to the study of aerodynamic characteristics of the WIG original layout and the assessment of influence of its geometric parameters on the aerodynamic characteristics. A brief overview of the history of synthesis of the investigated WIG scheme is presented. The aerodynamic layout is made according to the “tandem” scheme of two wings and a high-mounted stabilizer. The influence of kinematic flight parameters (angle of attack and distance to the underlying surface), deflection angles of aerodynamic surfaces (flaps and steering surfaces), the relative position of the wings, the presence and parameters of end washers and winglets on the WIG aerodynamic characteristics is investigated. The results of the work allow us to conclude that the deflection angles of aerodynamic surfaces have a significant effect on the values of aerodynamic coefficients and the value of aerodynamic quality. These effects can be used to control the WIG, improve or provide a number of flight characteristics. The most preferred parameters of the aerodynamic layout are evaluated in terms of ensuring the highest aerodynamic quality. A number of defining features of the flow around the proposed WIG scheme and its elements are identified and demonstrated in the work. The potential positive properties of the layout are highlighted, which can significantly affect the feasibility and effectiveness of the WIG as a design object.

Keywords: ekranoplan, aerodynamic ground-effect craft, aerodynamic characteristics, aerodynamic layout, layout parameters of the WIG, GEV (ground-effect vehicle), WIG (wing-in-ground-effect).

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The theorem of gaseous and liquid media vortex formation

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DOI 10.51955/2312-1327_2022_3_47

Nikolay V. Danilenko

Anton G. Kirenchev

Abstract. The object of research is vortex formation of gas (liquid) media. The state of the vortex formation issue is determined. The theoretical substantiation of the vortex formation problem is given. The kinematic essence of the gas-dynamic phenomenon of vortex formation is established. Its contradictions are revealed. The working process of vortex formation is established. Efficiency parameters and operating parameters are obtained. The place of vortex formation in the equation of conservation of the energy of gas motion is indicated. A set of factors for the generation of vortex activity of natural and man-made vortex formation has been established. A theorem on vortex formation is proposed. Its consequences and areas of practical application are outlined.

Keywords: vortex formation of gas (liquid) media, factors of generation and activation of vortex formation, workflow of gas (liquid) media, definition of vortex formation, vortex formation theorem, classification of vortex formation.

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About the legitimacy of the technical operation process description by semi-markov models in relation to the aircraft fleet

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DOI 10.51955/23121327_2022_2_34

Sergey S. Trishin

Evgeniya A. Achkasova

Oksana G. Boiko

Galina A. Isheeva

Abstract. The authors studied the time the Mi-8T Mi8-MTV aircraft spent in the states of technical operation. The statistical data of the operating airline of JSC “Norilsk Avia” were used. Statistical distribution laws are formalized for each time series of variations. The conformity of the theoretical and obtained statistical laws of time distribution according to the Pearson criterion has been verified. It is confirmed that the process of technical operation of aircraft in practical tasks can be considered as a semi-Markov one.

Keywords: semi-Markov process, time spent in the process state, statistical data processing, exponential distribution, technical operation of aircraft, integral distribution function.

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Automated device for determining the changes in phase and state of polymer materials

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DOI 10.51955/23121327_2022_2_19

Nikolai G. Filippenko

Denis V. Bakanin

Vladimir S. Bychkovsky

Abstract. This paper is devoted to the development of a control system for the study of thermophysical properties and phase transformations in polymer and composite materials. The use of polymeric materials instead of non-ferrous and stainless metals is a necessary and promising process in the production and repair of units and mechanisms of aircraft. This trend has received particular development in recent decades, not only in aviation, but also in the entire transport engineering. Replacing metals with plastics and composites based on them reduces the main indicator in the products of this industry, namely its weight. Often, when designing and operating aircraft, it becomes simply impossible to manufacture competitive products without the use of polymers and composites in their design. The strength properties of polymers in a number of aircraft designs are compensated by the resources of their use, which are not always measured by significant time resources. Nevertheless, despite the unique capabilities of new structural polymers, the issue of changing their electro-physic-chemical properties in the process of exposure to temperature loads and other external factors during operation remains open. The algorithm of automated control and monitoring of the experimental study of the process of high-frequency electrothermy presented by the authors makes it possible to obtain more objective data on the results of the studies. The implemented algorithm of the automated control system, in the form of a software package, made it possible to obtain new and clarify the existing results of previously conducted experiments in relation to structural materials used in the manufacture and repair of aircraft and other vehicles.

Key words: transport, polymeric materials, composites, thermophysical properties, automated control system for scientific research, phase transformations.

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Experimental study of the distribution laws of output signals of microelectromechanical navigation sensors of an unmanned aerial vehicle

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DOI 10.51955/23121327_2022_1_101

Andrei A. Sanko

Aliaksey A. Sheynikov

Gafur Sh. Tuganov

Abstract. The article presents the results of studies of distribution laws of output signals of microelectromechanical sensors used for platformless inertial navigation systems (INS) installed on lightweight unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV). As object of study, the GY-91 sensor was used which is made with the use of microelectromechanical technology and has an inertial measuring unit consisting of three elements located orthogonally: a turn meter, an accelerometer, a magnetometer and a single-channel barometer. Formulas for approximating the mean square deviations of overload, pitch angle and angular velocity indications for various test conditions are given. It is recommended to use the obtained dependences when calibrating accelerometers and angular velocity sensors. Recommendations on the use of different filtering methods depending on the distribution laws of the output parameters of the sensor are given. Various filters used for platformless INS sensors, such as the Kalman filter, the median filter, the AB filter and the complementary filter, are considered. A comparative analysis of algorithms for filtering the output signals of microelectromechanical sensors according to the value of signal-to-noise ratio for an aircraft-type UAV at different propeller speeds was performed. Recommendations are given on the use of the obtained research results for the algorithmic support of lightweight UAV navigation systems.

Key words: sensors, gyroscope, accelerometer, errors, distribution law.

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The way to improve eco-friendliness of the aviation turboshaft engine

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DOI 10.51955/2312-1327_2022_1_73

Sergey V. Skorobogatov

Dmitry V. Vostretsov

Abstract. Aircraft flight is the main operation of any airline. To ensure competitiveness and good economical indices the flight time should be considerably longer than the total time an airplane spends on the ground. Aircraft flight is provided by a power plant, which is based on heat engines – heat machines that convert heat energy into effective mechanical work. The heat additive to the operating fluid in such engines nearly always occurs by means of hydrocarbon fuel (kerosene or aviation gasoline) combustion. While burning, the combustion products are released, some of which cause significant harm to the environment. Increasing environmental friendliness is an actual task today, and non-compliance of engines with ICAO standards on hazardous emissions limits the domestic aircraft sales and exploitation abroad. In this regard, the search for ways to improve the environmental performance of aircraft engines is a priority for the aviation industry.

Key words: combustion chamber, aviation gas-turbine engine, emissions of harmful substances, environmental friendliness.

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The experience of using GNSS software-defined recievers

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DOI 10.51955/23121327_2022_1_88

Roman O. Arefyev

Oleg N. Skrypnik

Natalya G. Arefyeva (Astrakhanceva)

Abstract. The paper describes the experience of using software-defined receivers for receiving signals from GPS and Beidou navigation satellites. The peculiarities of the GNSS SDR platform and implementation of the satellite navigation system receivers on its basis were considered. The structure of the GNSS SDR flow graph with description of the functional capacity of each block was shown. As an RF part of the receiver, a HackRF platform with an active antenna and Temperature Controlled Crystal Oscillator was used. The receiver was tested with help of the SN-3803M simulator radiating GPS signals. The dependences of the time required for position-fixing and the number of the navigational satellites which provide tracking on the given false alarm probability were obtained experimentally.

Through natural experiments the authors compared the performance (number of tracking satellites, positioning accuracy, dilution of precision) of the SDR-receiver and ATGM336H portable receiver applied to the GPS and Beidou systems. The main features of the receivers operation were identified and analyzed.

Keywords: GPS, SDR, Beidou, software-defined receiver, dilution of precision, positioning accuracy.

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