Категория: 5.9. Philology

Abbreviation as a way of concept nomination in the special area of knowledge (on the material of terminological abbreviations of German dialectology)

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DOI 10.51955/2312-1327_2021_3_181

Inna V. Senina

Natal’ya I. Mokrova

Natal’ya S. Novolodskaya

Abstract. On the example of abbreviated versions of terms in the field of dialectology of the German language, the article dwells the issue on the main theoretical topics and trends in the development of abbreviation processes. Approaches to the interpretation of the terms “abbreviation” and “shortening” in domestic and foreign literature are being studied. Along with the identification and description of the main types of abbreviations, the problems of abbreviated homonymy and abbreviated synonymy are considered. The names of territorial dialects, in particular, their short forms, are defined as nomenclature designations that are not directly terms but are an integral part of dialectology and therefore belong to the terminological field of the discipline. From the point of view of the formation, development, and consolidation in the use of short forms of terms, the author’s, contextual, disciplinary, and common abbreviations are highlighted.

Keywords: dialectology, dialect, terminology science, terminology, term, concept, abbreviation, shortening.

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Metaphorical representation of the learning process in pedagogical internet discourse

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DOI 10.51955/2312-1327_2021_3_87

Anastasia E. Muravieva

Ekaterina S. Muchkina

Abstract. In this article, the authors analyze the metaphors used to communicate one of the most important processes in human life – the process of learning – in the pedagogical Internet discourse. They conclude that this type of discourse features five dominant metaphors: LEARNING IS EATING, LEARNING IS A JOURNEY, LEARNING IS CLIMBING A MOUNTAIN, LEARNING IS BUILDING A PUZZLE, LEARNING IS BUILDING A HOUSE. The article will primarily benefit metaphor scholars and might also be relevant to anyone with an interest in the representation of different aspects of education.

Keywords: conceptual metaphor, education, learning, pedagogical discourse.

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Structural and content model of the lexic-semantical field «Emergency» in the discourse of German media

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DOI 10.51955/2312-1327_2021_3_130

Georgii V. Samorodin

Abstract. The present paper touches upon the means of verbalization of emergencies in the discourse of German media. An attempt of systematizing the field structure description thereof, based on the results of the quantitative and statistical analysis of various means of verbalization implementing rate, is being made. The main task of the study is to identify the most and least frequent lexical and semantic units of the eight microfields identified as parts of the lexical-semantic field “emergency” in the discourse of German media (natural cataclysms, negligence, accident, delinquency, political motive, radicalism, pandemic, technogenic catastrophe), and the subsequent construction of visualization in the form of an orbital model of each of them, indicating the central and peripheral elements, universal and specific linguistic units. The work also makes an assumption about the possible reasons for the use of certain vocabulary, in particular, it touches on the aspect of “trendiness” and stereotyping of the course of certain events and phenomena described in the media, taking into account their value for various types of social interaction, and also establishes intra-field connections between the central and peripheral elements of microfields based on the analysis of the occurrence of the same lexical-semantic units in all of the microfields.

Key words: media discourse, emergency, field theory, mediatext, lexical semantics, means of verbalization

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Small-sized public directive texts during covid pandemic in Germany

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DOI 10.51955/2312-1327_2021_3_103

Maria N. Guz

Natalia V. Pigina

Tatiana V. Morozova

Abstract. The article brings into focus different approaches to studying small-sized public directive texts, which appeared in public areas in Germany to regulate people’s behavior during the 2020 COVID pandemic.

The article studies the major themes of these polycode texts, analyses the correlation between verbal and non-verbal components of the examined texts, describes peculiarities of the non-verbal component, such as color, font and picture image, defines the ways of foregrounding semantically determining elements of the texts.

Particular emphasis is made on characteristics of the addressee and the sender.

The authors point out the characteristic feature of these texts to “save face” on the part of the addressee when the sender of the message puts forward peremptory requirements in the situation of temporary limitation of civil rights and freedoms.

The article studies both direct and indirect strategies of inducement as well as methods tactics allowing these strategies to be most effective and contributing to diminishing the personality-restraining impact of the texts on the addressee.

Furthermore, the article analyzes various means of expressing inducement in the studied texts, such as the infinitive, imperative and infinitive sentence, and draws conclusions about the prevailing forms in the analyzed texts.

Key-words: small-sized public directive text, polycode text, non-verbal component, “face” of the addressee, prescriptive texts, strategies of direct and indirect inducement, ways of expressing inducement, the category of inducement, linguistic landscape, COVID pandemic.

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Modus of imagination in the categorial space of the english language

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DOI 10.51955/2312-1327_2021_3_72

Tatiana I. Semenova

Anna S. Ishenina

Abstract. The theoretical background of the research is a set of principles and assumptions of cognitive linguistics to the study of the interrelation of linguistic and cognitive structures. The goal of the paper is to consider linguistic conceptualization of mental imagery. Linguocognitive approach to mental verbs as mental representations enables to highlight the complexity of the semantic structure of imagination predicates. The paper brings into focus the issue of the categorical status of the linguistic phenomenon of imagination. It is argued that imagination is structured in the language as a modus category in which the role of the cognizing subject is fixed. The authors claim that modus of imagination represents a specific knowledge structure of the formation of mental images of objects, situations, and states of affairs in the mind of a cognizing subject. The findings obtained may be helpful for further study of the role of language in providing access to cognitive structures and to understanding how human mind works.

Key words: imagination, knowledge structure, mental representation, mental image, linguistic conceptualization, categorical status, modus.

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The image of the man in the mirror of binomial anthroponyms (lingua-philosophical aspect)

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DOI 10.51955/2312-1327_2021_2_138

Irina A. Nelaeva

Abstract. The article is devoted to linguophilosophical analysis of anthroponyms imitating binomial nomenclature and created according to Latin model “homo + adjective”. As our study has shown, in onomastics, Latin binomial anthroponyms are terra incognita, as they are not presented as a unified system. The reason lies in their dispersion in various fields of knowledge about man and their informative density. To solve this problem we have proposed a model based on three basic philosophical ideas about man (monism, dualism and trialism).

The analysis of the anthroponyms’ binominal names has shown, first, that each of them implicitly contains features of one of the three basic philosophical systems; second, their informative density has two levels – lexical, where their dictionary meaning is represented, and philosophical, where they are expressed as expressions of certain world-views about human essence; Thirdly, they have logical and methodological connection and continuity, forming a unified open system, which reflects traditional and innovative ideas about homo sapiens in all its diversity.

Keywords: binomial anthroponyms, binomial nomenclature, monism, dualism, trialism, unified open system of binomial anthroponyms.

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Mental meaning in the semantic paradigm of the verb find

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DOI 10.51955/2312-1327_2021_2_51

Tatiana I. Semenova

Anna A. Chapaykina

Abstract. The theoretical background of the research is a set of principles and assumptions of cognitive linguistics to the study of the meaning of a linguistic form in the context of other cognitive structures. The objectives of the paper is to consider semantic shifts of the verb find and reveal cognitive strategies of verbal semantic derivation. The research is based on the empirical data from available sources and corpora data. The study is conducted within the framework of cognitive semantics where language meaning is viewed as knowledge structure.

The paper considers the phenomenon of lexical polysemy from a cognitive perspective. Of particular concern is the issue of semantic extension of the polysemous verb find. The study brings into focus such parameters of the verbal meaning as taxonomic category of the verb and semantic roles of the participants. It is argued that the change of any parameter causes semantic shifts of the lexical meaning of the verb find.

 The results obtained may be helpful for further study of productive semantic derivation processes in the framework of cognitive semantics.

Key words: conceptualization, language meaning, polysemy, semantic derivation, cognitive domain, mental state, evaluative statement.

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Functional criteria of the interdiscourse of information and psychological warfare

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DOI 10.51955/2312-1327_2021_2_81

Artyom A. Khabarov

Abstract. The article is devoted to a comprehensive analysis of the linguistic aspect of information and psychological warfare in the light of modern theories and concepts in the research of speech activity, discourse and the human cognitive system. The author’s concept focuses on the use of language as an instrument of ideological influence, mainly in the form of an interdiscourse, defined as a macro-level communicative structure that comprises polarized thematic discourses. Using semantic and structural analysis, conceptual and pragmatic analysis of speeches by US Government officials, the author establishes the typology of the interdiscourse of information and psychological warfare. The results of the linguistic analysis of the text fragments demonstrate the validity of the selected criteria and their epistemological value to study the paradigm of the systemic warfare of the collective West led by the USA with the aim of destroying the integral potential of adversaries by non-combat means.

Keywords: information and psychological warfare, ideology, interdiscourse, cognitive influence, manipulation of consciousness.

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Francien dialect and scripta: features of franciеn scripta

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DOI 10.51955/2312-1327_2021_2_108

Lydia A. Stanovaïa

Abstract. The corpus of franciеn manuscripts is sufficient for an in-depth study of the francien scripta. The paradoxical opinion of certain researchers affirming the total absence of written attestations of Francien, is linked to the imperfect and often discutable localization of several French manuscripts, including franciens. The important features of franciеn scripta are the following: (1) coexistence of two scriptural norms (etymological and analogical) of the graphic representation of the nominal declension; (2) homogeneity of language usage, ensured by the majority use of franciеn Forms; (3) respect of protographs that franciеn copyists modified with moderation.

Keywords: history of the French language; historical dialectology; scriptology; dialect; scriptа.

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Automatization and visualization in the field of linguistic research and linguodidactics (based on the database “Slogan’s universum of the XX-XXI centuries”)

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DOI 10.51955/2312-1327_2021_2_97

Marina Borisovna Tashlykova

Yulia Rimovna Lemeshko

Larisa Yurievna Dmitrieva

Abstract. The article demonstrates the possibilities of using computer tools to model the functioning of a language in certain social situations. It is done for the purpose of automatic comparison of fragments of lexical and phraseological sections of the language system at different chronological sections of its development and for visualizing the results of this comparison. The subject of the analysis is a database that includes a representative sample of the use of slogans, systematized by chronological indicators. The authors propose a way to automate the calculation of the percentage of the use of various structural models of slogans from the total number of corpus material, and to visualize data to search for correlations between the types of slogans and the socio-historical background of the epoch. The aim of it is to identify the universal structural-semantic models and the models that vary under the influence of the time factor. The programming language Visual Basic for Applications for MS Excel is used as the development program. It allows to develop quickly and conveniently the effective applications using the MS Office package. It is important that the software product can be used in the future to obtain quantitative and qualitative characteristics of certain models of linguistic expressions and to identify the specifics of their functioning in synchronic and diachronic aspects using graphs, diagrams and 3D models.

Кeywords: slogan, slogan’s universum, slogan’s model, the programming language VBA, the software product, automation, visualization.

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